常规细胞遗传学检查联合多重荧光原位杂交技术确定急性白血病患者复杂核型异常

目的 探讨多重荧光原位杂交(M-FISH)技术在急性白血病(AL)患者复杂核型异常和标记染色体检测中的应用价值.方法 对11例常规R显带检测显示具有复杂核型异常和标记染色体的AL患者应用M-FISH技术确定复杂染色体重排和标记染色体的组成,识别并确定微小易位和隐匿易位.结果 11例AL患者应用常规细胞遗传学(CC)技术共检出27种染色体数目异常和41种结构异常.CC技术检出的3种染色体增加和9种染色体丢失以及12种结构异常与M-FISH分析结果一致,CC技术检出的15种染色体丢失经M-FISH证实为衍生染色体,M-FISH还检出3种CC检查未发现的染色体数目增加.CC检查所检出的其余29种结构异常(包括17种标记染色体)的性质被M-FISH进一步明确.M-FISH共检出33种结构重排,有6种异常未见文献报道,分别为t(5q-;16)(?q14;q24)、der(9)(Y::9::Y::9)、der(7)(7::8::9)、ins(20;21)、der(11)(11::21::20)和der(3)t(3p-;13)(3p-;q21),这些复杂染色体重排主要由染色体不平衡易位所致.复杂核型异常几乎涉及所有染色体,在AML患者以涉及17、5、7、15和11号染色体的异常较为常见;在ALL患者则以涉及8、9、14和22号染色体的异常较为多见.结论 联合应用CC和M-FISH检查可以提高CC核型分析的分辨率,对伴复杂核型和标记染色体的AL具有一定的临床应用价值.

Identification of complex chromosomal aberrations in acute leukemia by using conventional cytogenetics combined with multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization

Objective To explore the value of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH)technique in the detection of the complex chromosomal aberrations (CCAs) and marker chromosomes in acute leukemia (AL). Methods M-FISH was performed in 11 AL patients with R-banding CCAs or marker chromosomes to define the unrecognized chromosomal aberrations and the constitution of marker chromosomes, and to identify small and cryptic translocations. Results In the 11 AL cases studied, 27 numerical and 41 structural chromosomal abnormalities were detected by conventional cytogenetics ( CC), among which 3 chromosomal gains and 9 chromosomal losses as well as 12 structural abnormalities were confirmed by M-FISH, and another 15 chromosomal losses were revised by M-FISH as derivative chromosomes. M-FISH detected 3 additional chromosomal gains that were undetected by CC. The other 29 structural abnormalities including 17 marker chromosomes were characterized by M-FISH. A total of 33 structural abnormalities were detected by M-FISH, in which 6 were unreported before, i.e. t(5q -;16 ) ( ? q14;q24), der(9) ( Y: :9:: Y: :9),der(7) (7::8::9), ins(20;21), der(11) (11::21::20) and der(3)t(3p- ;13)(3p- ;q21), most of which resulted from unbalanced translocations. Almost all chromosomes were involved in CCAs, the more common ones were chromosome 17, 5, 7, 15, 11 in AML and 8, 9, 14, 22 in ALL. Conclusion Combining M-FISH with CC can raise resolution of the latter, which justifies its clinical application for the detection of CCAs and marker chromosomes.