维吾尔族、汉族新诊断2型糖尿病患者的主要心血管危险因素

目的 分析比较维吾尔族（维）、汉族新诊断2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes，T2DM）患者之间的一般临床资料、胰岛功能、糖尿病并发症或合并症的差异。方法 采用回顾性研究方法，选取新疆某三甲医院内分泌科住院的新诊断T2DM患者共537例，分析比较两民族间一般临床资料、胰岛功能、糖尿病并发症或合并症差异。结果 ①在主要心血管危险因素方面，维族腰围（waistline,WC）、体质量指数(body mass index，BMI)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine transaminase, ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）高于汉族（P<0.05），年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）、血尿酸（uric acid，UA）、降压及降脂药物的应用低于汉族（P<0.05），而收缩压（systolic pressure, SBP）、舒张压（diastolic pressure, DBP）、甘油三酯（triglycerides, TG）、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）、血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen，BUN）、血肌酐（creatinine，Cr）、吸烟史、饮酒史差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。②在糖代谢水平方面，维族空腹胰岛素、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR）、胰岛β细胞功能指数 (homeostasis model assessment of β cell function, HOMA-β)均高于汉族（P<0.05），但空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、餐后2 h胰岛素、空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽、糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin，HBA1C）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。③在糖尿病合并症或并发症的检出率方面，维族血脂异常、肥胖的检出率高于汉族（P<0.05），脑血管病的检出率低于汉族（P<0.05）。结论 在新诊断T2DM患者中，维族存在胰岛素抵抗；汉族主要心血管危险因素高，且糖尿病合并症及并发大、微血管病变的检出率偏高。

Main cardiovascular risk factors of Uygur and Han patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Objective To analyze and compare of the general clinical data, islet function, diabetic complications, and complication between the Uygur and Han people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods 　A total of 537 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in a hospital of Xinjiang. Differences of general clinical data, islet function, diabetic complications or comorbidities were analyzed and compared between the two ethnic groups. Results 　About major cardiovascular risk factors, the levels of waistline, body mass index, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase in Uygur were higher than Han (P<0.05), the levels of age, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, application of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs were lower than Han (P<0.05), there were no significant difference on systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, smoking history, drinking history between two nationalities (P>0.05). About the glucose metabolism, the levels of fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and homeostasis model assessment of β cell function in Uygur were higher than the Han nationality (P<0.05), but fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 hours blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial insulin, fasting C peptide, 2 hours C peptide and glycosylated hemoglobin were not significantly different (P>0.05). The detection rate of diabetic complications and comorbidities, rates of dyslipidemia, obesity were higher, and cerebral vascular disease were lower in Uygur than in Han (P<0.05). Conclusion s　In the newly diagnosed T2DM patients, the Uygur exists insulin resistance, whereas Han nationality show higher main cardiovascular risk factors and the detection rate of diabetic vascular and microangiopathy complications.