湘西土家族苗族自治州扩大国家免疫规划现况调查

目的了解湘西土家族苗族自治州2008年实施扩大国家免疫规划以来免疫规划工作现况,为进一步制定免疫规划工作策略提供科学依据。方法按照人口容量比例概率法随机抽取湘西土家族苗族自治州40个乡镇（街道办事处）,120个行政村（居委会）,2008-2009年出生的1 200名儿童,查阅接种单位相关资料及儿童免疫规划类疫苗接种情况。结果基础五种疫苗（卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗及含麻疹成份疫苗）的全程接种率为95.08%,增加甲肝疫苗、流脑疫苗和乙脑疫苗后,八种苗全程接种率为79.73%。预防接种人员年均收入2.3万元,防疫专干中,专职人员为58.72%,有执业（助理）资质的占56.88%,有预防接种资格证的占73.39%。结论湘西土家族苗族自治州卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗及含麻疹成份疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,扩大国家免疫规划后新增的流脑疫苗、乙脑疫苗和甲肝疫苗及加强免疫疫苗接种率偏低,专业技术人员偏少,收入偏低,需增加人员投入,加强管理。

Survey on Current Status of Application of EPI Vaccines in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Objective To investigate the current status of expansion of immunization program after launching the Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI) in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture since 2008,and to provide a scientific basis for further developing immunization strategies.Methods Proportion probability sampling(PPS) method was applied to investigate 1,200 children born in 2008 and 2009 and randomly selected from 40 towns(district offices) and 120 administrative villages(neighborhood committees) in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.The relative information of the immunization units and vaccination status of the children were surveyed.Results The full course vaccination rate of basic five vaccines(BCG,OPV,DPT,HepB,and MV) was 95.08%.After adding hepatitis A vaccine,epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine,and Japanese encephalitis vaccine,the full course vaccination rate of eight vaccines was 79.73%.The annual average income of epidemic preventive professionals was RMB 23,000 yuan.Among these professionals,full-time staff accounted for 58.72%,the specialists with certified qualification and with qualification certificate accounted for 56.88% and 73.39%,respectively.Conclusions The immunization coverage rate of basic five vaccines(BCG,OPV,DPT,HepB,and MV) maintained a high level in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.But the immunization coverage rates of hepatitis A vaccine,epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine,Japanese encephalitis vaccine,and the boosting regimes were lower,the immunization units lacked professional and technical personnel and their income were too low.It is necessary to increase professional and technical personnel and strengthen the management.