北京市某城市社区老年人跌倒与慢性病关系的研究

目的 探讨老年人跌倒的发生情况与慢性病的关系,为老年人跌倒的预防提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取北京市某城市社区60岁及以上的老年人,以面对面询问方式进行入户调查,对可能与跌倒有关的慢性病进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,以寻找跌倒的危险因素.结果 被调查的1512名老年人中,272人在过去的1年中发生跌倒,跌倒发生率为18.0%,其中男性92人,女性180人,男、女性跌倒发生率分别为14.9%、20.1%.单因素分析表明糖尿病(OR=1.62)、体位性低血压(OR=1.84)、高血压(OR=1.48)、脑梗死(OR=1.98)、白内障(OR=1.56)、骨关节炎(OR=1.50)、痴呆(OR=5.34)、抑郁症(OR=4.61)8种疾病的分布经χ2检验后差异有统计学意义.多因素logistic回归分析表明与跌倒有关的慢性病因素有痴呆(OR=4.82)、抑郁症(OR=4.27)、体位性低血压(OR=1.92)、患多种慢性病(OR=1.36)等.结论 北京市城市社区老年人跌倒发生率高,其中患有痴呆和抑郁症的老年人发生跌倒的危险性最高,并且跌倒的危险性随着患慢性病总数的增加而增加.

Study on the relationship between chronic diseases and falls in the elderly

Objective To explore the risk factors on chronic diseases related to falls in the urban-community elderly and to provide evidence for developing a three-tier program for prevention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in one community of Beijing. People aged 60 years and over were selected, using a stratified cluster sampling method, and data on falls within the past 12 months and falls-related chronic diseases were collected through face-to-face interview. Results The incidence of falls was 18.0% within one year among the 1512 interviewees. Seven factors showed statistical significances through univariate analysis including diabetes mellitus (OR =1.62), postural hypotension (OR=1.84), hypertension (OR=1.48), cerebral infarction (OR=1.98), cataract (OR=1.56), osteoarthritis (OR=1.50), dementia (OR=5.34) and depression (OR=4.61). Data from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for falls would include dementia (OR=4.82), depression (OR=4.27), postural hypotension (OR=1.92) and suffering from several kinds of chronic diseases etc. Conclusion The incidence of falls in an urban elderly community of Beijing was considered to be high. The risk of falls was higher among persons suffering from dementia and depression and having more than two kinds of chronic disease. The chances of falls would parallel the increase of several kinds of chronic diseases among the elderly, suggesting that measures should be actively taken to prevent from falls.