入院血糖水平对糖尿病和非糖尿病ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的 探讨人院时血糖水平与糖尿病和非糖尿病患者ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者近期病死率的相关性.方法 观察性分析国际性随机对照临床试验中7446例出现症状12 h内STEMI的中国患者,以入院血糖不同水平将已知糖尿病和非糖尿病的患者分组:入院血糖水平<6.1 mmol/L组(2018例),6.1～7.7 mmol/L组(2170例),7.8～11.0 mmol/L组(1929例),11.1～13.0 mmol/L组(465例)和>13.0 mmol/L组(864例),后3组定义为入院高血糖组.分析各组患者30 d的病死率.结果 在人院高血糖患者中有相当比例无既往的糖尿病史;各血糖水平组内,非糖尿病的患者使用胰岛素的比例均明显低于糖尿病患者.随血糖水平升高,非糖尿病患者病死率呈逐渐增加趋势(血糖<6.1 mmol/L组6.8%,6.1～7.7 mmol/L组8.3%,>13.0 mmol/L组18.6%,P<0.001),而糖尿病患者的病死率呈先降低后升高的变化(血糖<6.1 mmol/L组16.7%,6.1～7.7 mmol/L组8.2%,>13.0 mmol/L组22.0%,P<0.001);除显著高血糖(血糖>13.0mmol/L)外,非糖尿病的高血糖患者病死率高于相同血糖水平的糖尿病患者(均P<0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,在非糖尿病患者中,随血糖升高死亡危险逐步增加(血糖7.8～11.0 mmol/L组:OR=1.85,95%CI:1.45～2.34,P<0.001;血糖>13.0 mmoL/L组:OR=2.69,95%CI:1.97～3.66,P<0.001);而糖尿病患者中,除显著高血糖组外(血糖>13.0 mmol/L组:OR=3.08,95%CI:1.16～8.17,P=0.024),其他组近期死亡危险均无明显增加(均P>0.05).结论 与糖尿病患者相比,无既往糖尿病史的STEMI患者入院血糖水平升高也很常见,但接受治疗的比例较低,并且是与近期预后不良更密切相关的危险因素.

Impact of admission blood glucose on prognosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with or without known diabetes

Objective To evaluate the impact of admission blood glucose level on 30-day mortality in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with or without known diabetes. Method This observational analysis enrolled 7446 Chinese STEMI patients hospitalized within 12 hours of symptom onset joining a global randomized controlled trial. The patients with or without known diabetes were divided into different groups by the admission blood glucose level : < 6. 1 mmol/L (n = 2018), 6. 1 to 7.7 mmoL/L (n=2170), 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L (n=1929), 11.1 to 13.0 mmol/L (n =465), >13.0 mmol/L (n = 864), the last three groups were defined as the hyperglycemia group. The 30-day mortality was analyzed. Result A substantial proportion of hyperglycemic patients did not have recognized diabetes. Insulin use during hospitalization in hyperglycemic patients without known diabetes was significantly lower than that in known diabetics with similar glucose levels. Incidence of 30-day mortality increased in proportion to increasing admission glucose levels in patients without known diabetes (glucose < 6. 1 mmol/L 6.8%, 6.1 to 7.7 mmol/L 8.3% ,glucose > 13.0 mmol/L 18.6%, P <0.001). In patients with known diabetes, the 30-day mortality was 16.7% with admission glucose <6.1 mmol/L and 8.2% with admission glucose 6.1 to 7.7 mmol/L, and 22.0% with admission glucose > 13.0 mmoL/L(P < 0. 001). Except in patients with admission glucose > 13, 0 retooL/L, the 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients without known diabetes than in patients with known diabetes at comparable admission glucose levels (all P <0.05). Conclusion Comparing with the known diabetic patients, admission hyperglycemia is common in STEMI patients without known diabetes and was associated with higher 30-day mortality compared to known diabetes patients with comparable admission glucose level with the exception of admission glucose level > 13.0 mmoL/L.