脑力劳动人群职业紧张现状及影响因素

目的 了解脑力劳动人群当前的职业紧张现状,探讨影响脑力劳动人群职业紧张的影响因素。 方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,随机抽取2018—2020年杭州市医务人员、教师、普通公务员、会计员、管理员、设计人员等脑力劳动者1 260人为研究对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对脑力劳动人群的职业紧张状况进行调查,采用t检验、方差分析和logistic回归分析分析职业紧张现状及影响因素。 结果 脑力劳动人群在职业任务问卷(除工作环境外)、个体紧张反应问卷、个体应对资源问卷及各维度得分均高于常模;男性、研究生、薪酬低、工龄10~20年、担任行政职务、夜班频率高者职业任务分值高(均P<0.05);男性、工龄10~20年、研究生学历、每周工作时间>40 h、夜班频率高、中级职称者紧张反应性强(均P<0.05);男性、每周工作时间≤40 h、研究生、工龄短、初级职称、夜班频率高个体应对资源得分较高(均P<0.05);logistic回归分析结果发现,性别、工龄、学历、夜班频率是影响脑力劳动人群职业紧张的危险因素。 结论 脑力劳动人群的职业紧张程度严重,性别、工龄、夜班频率、学历是其主要影响因素,社会相关部门应给予高度关注,采取相应措施以缓解脑力劳动人群职业紧张程度。 

The current situation and influence factors of mental workers'occupational stress

Objective To understand the current situation of mental workers' occupational stress, and to discuss the factors affecting mental workers' occupational stress. Methods From 2018 to 2020, a total of 1 260 city's medical staff, teachers, ordinary civil servants, accountants, administrators, designers and other knowledge workers were randomly selected as the research object by random cluster sampling method. The occupational stress inventory(OSI-R) was used to investigate the occupational stress status mental labor population. The t test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyzed current situation and influence factors of occupational stress. Results The scores of mental workers in the occupational task questionnaire(except the working environment), the individual stress response questionnaire, the individual coping resources questionnaire and the three dimensions were all higher than the norm. Male, graduate student, high salary, 10-20 years of service, administrative position, night shift frequency had high occupational task score(all P<0.05). Male, length of service 10-20 years, graduate degree, working time >40 hours per week, high frequency of night shift, intermediate job title, had strong stress response(all P<0.05). The scores of coping resources were higher in males, undergraduates, junior professional titles and short working years(all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender, length of service, educational background and frequency of night shift were the risk factors affecting the occupational stress of mental workers. Conclusion Gender, length of service, frequency of night shift and educational background are the main influence factors for the serious degree of occupational stress of mental workers.