某设施净化后含氚废水生态排放环境影响研究

目的 对某设施净化后的含氚废水采用生态方式排放造成的辐射环境影响进行评估。方法 通过生态实验获取氚的排放源项，采用该设施拟建场址环境特征参数，对生态排放造成的大气和地下水途径的辐射影响进行评估。结果 试验结果表明，95%的氚会通过植物叶面的蒸腾作用排入环境，同时部分含氚废水会通过渗透作用进入下水；通过内陆某厂址的环境参数进行环境影响评价结果表明，通过气态途径造成的最大个人剂量为1.9×10^-3 mSv（考虑吸入和食入途径）；渗透进入地下水其运移速度较慢，排放后经过100年造成最大个人有效剂量影响为12.3 μSv。结论 从辐射环境影响还是经济利益角度，通过生态方式排放净化后的含氚废水都可行的。对于水资源缺乏的内陆核设施，生态排放是一个重要的排放途径。

Study on environmental impact of ecological discharge of Tritium-containing wastewater after purification in a facility

Objective To evaluate the radiation environmental impact caused by the ecological discharge of tritium - containing wastewater after purification in a facility. Method The Tritium emission source terms were obtained through ecological experiments, and the environmental characteristic parameters of the proposed site of the facility were used to evaluate the radiation effects of the atmospheric and groundwater pathways caused by ecological discharge. Result The results showed that 95% of Tritium would be discharged into the environment through transpiration of plant leaves, and some containing Tritium wastewater would be discharged into the water through osmosis. The results of an environmental impact assessment based on the environmental parameters of an inland site showed that the maximum individual effective dose through the gaseous route was 1.9×10^-3 mSv (taking into account the inhalation and ingestion pathways). When permeating into groundwater, the migration speed is slow. After discharge, the maximum effective dose of individuals will be 12.3 μSv after 100 a. Conclusion From the perspective of radiation environmental impact or economic benefits, it is feasible to discharge the purified wastewater containing Tritium by ecological means. Ecological emissions are an important route for inland nuclear facilities that lack water resources.