一种新的基于全口义齿测量的牙列缺失修复用颌位记录托盘

目的 测量全口义齿的相关特征数据,并以此设计用于牙列缺失患者全口义齿修复的一种新的,可记录各种参数的颌位记录托盘.方法: 对100副在临床应用的全口义齿,测量双侧上颌第一磨牙中央窝间距a1,上颌第一磨牙中央窝连线至义齿前缘距离a2,上颌义齿宽度a3,上颌义齿长度a4,右上颌第一磨牙近中舌尖至基托组织面高度a5₁,右下颌第一磨牙中央窝至基托组织面高度a5₂,上唇系带切迹至上颌中切牙切端连线的高度a6,上中切牙区唇侧基托最薄处厚度a7,并以此设计颌位记录托盘支撑杆孔间距b1,支撑杆孔至托盘前缘距离b2,托盘宽度b3,托盘长度b4,上颌后牙区托台高度b5₁,支撑杆高度b5₂,前部手柄高度b6,前部手柄厚度b7,以制作不同型号的颌位记录托盘.结果: 各组数据的最小值,平均值,最大值(单位:mm)分别如下:a1:37.1,44.5,59.6;a2:22.6,29.0,38.1; a3: 48.5,58.2,76.6; a4: 37.4,50.8,61.0; a5₁: 5.6,9.5,14.7; a5₂: 3.8,9.9,18.8; a6: 8.9,16.6,24.7; a7: 1.2,2.8,5.9.设计大,中,小3种号型的颌位记录托盘.临床应用时,首先在托盘组织面用硅橡胶重衬,托台平面和前部手柄下缘确定牙合平面;继而安装下颌支撑杆,旋转螺丝至合适的垂直距离;然后在支撑杆前后放置硅橡胶,确定水平关系;最后在前部手柄唇侧画线标记面部中线及微笑,静息时上唇下缘位置.结论: 本研究测量的全口义齿数据对分析修复空间提供了参考,本研究设计的托盘为无牙颌患者全口义齿修复时确定颌位关系提供了一种新方法.

A novel tray for recording maxillomandibular relationship of edentulous patients based on dimensional surveying of complete dentures

Objective: To measure the dimensional data of complete dentures and to design a novel tray for recording maxillomandibular relationship of edentulous patients.Methods: For the measurement, 100 pairs of complete dentures from the clinic were surveyed for the following parameters: a1, the distance between the middle fossa of the upper left and right first molars; a2, the anterior-posterior distance between the middle fossa of the upper first molars and the incisal edge; a3, the width of the upper denture; a4, the anterior-posterior length of the upper denture; a5₁, the height from the mesio-lingual cusp of the right upper first molar to the saddle surface; a5₂, the height from the central fossa of the right lower first molar to the saddle surface; a6, the height from the notch of the upper lip frenulum to the upper central incisor edge; a7, the least thickness of the labial saddle base in the upper central incisor region. Based on the data, the trays with different sizes were designed and fabricated, and the key parameters were: b1, the distance between the foramina of screw posts, b2, the anterior-posterior distance between the foramina of the screw posts and the incisal edge; b3, the width of the tray; b4, the anterior-posterior length of the tray; b5₁, the height of the posterior platform with the screw nut; b5₂, the height of the screw post; b6, the height of the anterior tray handle; b7, the thickness of the anterior tray handle.Results: The minimum, average and maximum data for each parameter were (in millimeter): a1: 37.1, 44.5, and 59.6; a2: 22.6, 29.0, and 38.1; a3: 48.5, 58.2, and 76.6; a4: 37.4, 50.8, and 61.0; a5₁: 5.6, 9.5, and 14.7; a5₂: 3.8, 9.9, and 18.8; a6: 8.9, 16.6, and 24.7; a7: 1.2, 2.8, and 5.9. Based on the data, the trays in small, medium and large sizes were designed and fabricated. In clinical application, the putty silicone rubber impression material was used to reline the tray, meanwhile the posterior platform and anterior tray handle were set as the occlusal plane, then the screw posts were added and adjusted till the proper vertical dimension, after that, the putty silicone rubber impression material was added around the screw posts to record the horizontal maxillomandibular relationship, finally, the anterior surface of the tray handle was used to record the midline of the face and lower edge of the upper lip at rest and with smile.Conclusion: The dimensional data offered reference for the analysis of restoration space in edentulous patients. The tray designed and fabricated in this study may serve as a new tool for recording the maxillomandibular relationship.