游离腓骨瓣修复重建上颌骨术后腓骨瓣位置变化

目的:研究腓骨瓣重建上颌骨术后腓骨瓣位置是否发生变化,初步分析影响腓骨瓣位置变化的因素。方法:选择2012年11月至2016年11月于北京大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科行上颌骨腓骨瓣重建的患者,根据患者修复颧上颌支柱的方式,分为钛板支柱组和骨支柱组。使用软件将术后1周与术后1年的CT进行三维重建,对齐术后1周及术后1年的上颌骨模型,获得腓骨瓣长轴的单位方向向量,根据单位方向向量坐标计算角度改变并记录位置改变方向。结果:32例患者纳入本研究。在术后1周与术后1年时,在X-Y平面上腓骨瓣长轴与X轴的夹角分别为95.65°±53.49°和95.53°±52.77°,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在X-Z平面上的夹角分别为 96.88°±69.76°和95.33°±67.42°,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0497)。钛板支柱组和骨支柱组用于修复牙槽突的腓骨瓣长轴在X-Y平面上的角度变化分别为3.23°±3.93°、1.94°±1.78°,在X-Z平面上的角度变化分别为 6.02°±9.89°、3.27°±2.31°,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在X-Y平面上用于修复前牙牙槽突、后牙牙槽突、颧上颌支柱的腓骨瓣长轴变化分别为3.13°±3.78°、2.56°±3.17°、5.51°±4.39°,后两者间差异有统计学意义(P=0.023);在X-Z平面上分别为4.94°±4.75°、5.26°±10.25°、6.69°±6.52°,两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腓骨瓣主要的位置偏移方向均为向内侧、上方偏移。结论:术后1年与术后1周相比,腓骨瓣在矢状平面上的位置发生了显著性变化,在水平面上的位置变化不明显;腓骨瓣位置的改变主要以向内侧、上方偏移为主。

Postoperative position change of fibular bone after reconstruction of maxillary defect using free fibular flap

Objective: To investigate the position change of the fibular bone after maxillary reconstruction by free fibular flap and to analyze the factors affecting the position change. Methods: Patients who underwent maxillary reconstruction by free fibular flap in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from November 2012 to November 2016 were enrolled in this study. CT scans 1 week and 1 year postoperatively were collected and stored in DICOM format. The ProPlan CMF software was used to reconstruct the CT scans and separate the maxilla and each segment of the fibular flap. The Geomagic Control software was used to measure the long axis direction vector of each fibular segment. And the position change direction was recorded. The patients were divided into groups according to the use of the fibula or titanium plate to reconstruct the zygomaticmaxillary buttress. Results: A total of 32 patients were enrolled. Among them, 21 were in the titanium plate group and 11 in the fibula bone group. The angle between the long axis of the fibular segment and the X axis in the X-Y plane was 95.65°±53.49° and 95.53°±52.77°, 1 week and 1 year postoperatively, and there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The angle between the long axis of the fibular segment and the X axis in the X-Z plane was 96.88°±69.76° and 95.33°±67.42°, respectively, with statistical difference (P=0.0497). The angular changes of the long axis of the fibular segment in the titanium plate group and the fibular bone group were 3.23°±3.93° and 1.94°±1.78°, respectively, and the angular changes in the X-Z plane were 6.02°±9.89° and 3.27°±2.31°, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The long axis changes of the fibular segment in the X-Y plane for reconstruction of the anterior alveolar, posterior alveolar, and buttress were 3.13°±3.78°, 2.56°±3.17°, and 5.51°±4.39°, respectively. There was a statistical difference (P = 0.023) between the posterior and buttress. In the X-Z plane, theses were 4.94°±4.75°, 5.26°±10.25°, 6.69°±6.52°, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the three groups (P>0.05). The main positional deviation directions of the titanium plate group and the fibular bone group were interior and superior sides, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: One year postoperatively, the position of the free fibular flap was changed compared with 1 week postoperatively. The position of the free fibular flap was mainly changed to the interior and superior sides.