糖尿病视网膜病变神经血管损伤发病机制的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)曾被认为是糖尿病微血管病变的并发症，如今已被广泛认为是神经血管单元（neurovascular unit,NVU）损伤引起的一类神经血管性疾病。研究表明，在出现临床可检测的微血管病变之前，视网膜神经损伤已经出现，并参与了微血管病变的进展。因此，微血管病变这一观点并没有揭示视网膜神经元、神经胶质细胞和血管间相互联系及影响的重要性。以NVU作为整体研究神经血管损伤及保护机制，寻找临床新的预防和干预DR的措施必定成为未来研究的热点。

Research advances in the pathogenesis of neurovascular injury in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was earlier recognized as a microvascular complication, but nowadays, it is considered as a neurovascular disorder caused by damage to neurovascular units. Study shows that changes in the neuronal damage occurs before the clinically detectable microvascular abnormalities shortly after diabetes and neuronal damage participates in the progress of microvascular disease. Therefore, microangiopathy does not reveal the importance of the connections and impact between the neurons, glial cells and microvessels. Furthermore, the neurovascular damage and its protective mechanism based on the neurovascular unit and the novel therapeutic measures for DR will be the focuses of research in future.