眶下孔相关径线测量及定位研究

目的　测量完整人颅骨的眶下孔的相关径线，为临床应用提供数据。 方法　用游标卡尺测量60例（120侧）成人眶下孔内径的长径和短径，并观察孔的形状，观察副孔的数量。测量眶下孔到眶下缘的距离，切此线与面部前正中线平行。测量眶下孔到梨状孔外缘的距离，切此线与面部前正中线垂直。 结果　① 眶下孔为圆孔（10%）和椭圆形孔（90%）；②左右两侧眶下孔副孔总的出现率为2.5%。③眶下孔的长径为（4.24±0.91）mm（2.48~7.59 mm）。④眶下孔的短径为（2.55±0.48）mm（1.37~3.63 mm）。⑤眶下孔到眶下缘的距离为（8.54±1.60）mm（5.16~13.63 mm）。⑥眶下孔到梨状孔外缘的距离为（16.55±2.01）mm（11.73~23.17 mm）。 结论　完善人颅骨眶下孔的形态学资料，为临床开展眶下孔的应用研究提供数据。

The study on the measurement of related lines and the positioning of human foramina infraorbitale

Objective To study the relevant radial lines, the size, and the location of foramina infraorbitale, providing scientific and reasonable basic materials for clinic application. Methods The long and short diameter of infraorbital foramina in 60 cadavers (120 sides) were measured by ordinary vernier caliper. The shape of the hole, the number of accessory infraorbital holes were also record; the distance between the infraorbital foramen and the inferior margin of the eye socket, the distance from the line between the infraorbital foramen to the anterior midline of the face were measured. The distance between the infraorbital foramen and the piriform foramen, and the distance from the line between the infraorbital foramen the piriform foramen to the anterior midline of the face were measured. Results The probability of foramina infraorbitale being elliptical in shape accounted for 90%, circular for 10%. The total occurrence rate of accessory foramen was 2.5%. The long diameter of the foramina infraorbitale ranged from 2.48 mm to7.59 mm, with an average of (4.24±0.91) mm; The short diameter of the foramina infraorbitale ranged from 1.37 mm to 3.63 mm, with an average of (2.55±0.48) mm; The distance between the foramina infraorbitale and the edge of orbital ranged from 5.16 mm to 13.63 mm, with an average of (8.54±1.60) mm; The distance between the foramina infraorbitale and the piriform aperture ranged from 11.73 mm to 23.17 mm, with an average of (16.55±2.01) mm. Conclusion The study has completed the morphological data of human foramina infraorbitale, providing the scientific data for the clinical research on the foramina infraorbitale measurement.