中国2000--2005年孕产妇死亡趋势分析

目的 了解2000-2005年中国孕产妇死亡发生的主要特征、死亡率变化趋势、主要死亡原因及其变化.方法 在全国31个省、自治区、直辖市孕产妇死亡监测网内采用以人群为基础的流行病学调查方法.结果 2000-2005年中国农村孕产妇死亡率高于城市,边远地区高于内地、沿海;全国孕产妇死亡率由53.0/10万下降到47.6/10万,农村由67.2/10万下降到59.2/10万,城市由28.8/10万下降到27.6/10万,下降幅度分别为10.2%、11.9%和4.2%.2000年全国孕产妇死亡前3位死因为产科出血、妊娠期高血压和羊水栓塞,2005年前3位是产科出血、心脏病和妊娠期高血压,但产科出血始终是第一死因,导致产科出血的主要原因是胎盘滞留、宫缩乏力和子宫破裂.结论 2000-2005年全国孕产妇死亡率无趋势变化,主要死因是产科出血.降低农村及边远地区孕产妇死亡率和提高诊治产科出血基本技能是实现<中国妇女发展纲要(2000-2010年)>降低孕产妇死亡率目标的关键.

Analysis on maternal mortality in China, 2000 - 2005

Objective To analyzes the characteristics, the trend and the leading causes of maternal deaths in China between 2000 and 2005. Methods Data under analysis were those from a population-based epidemiological survey conducted by the national maternal mortality surveillance network which covered a total population of about 80 000 000 in China. Results Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was both higher in the counn-yside than that in the city and in the remote area than that in the inland and in the coastal region. From 2000 to 2005, the overall MMR in China dropped from 53.0/100 000 livebirths to 47.6/100 000 livebirths, from 67.2/100 000 iivebirths to 59.2/100 000 livebirths in rural area, from 28.8/100 000 livebirths to 27.6/100 000 livebirths in urban area. The descending ranges of maternal mortality were 10.2%, 11.9%, 4.2%, respectively. The top three leading causes of maternal deaths in China were obstetric hemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension and amniotic fluid embolism in 2000, but minor changes in the ranking of top three leading causes: hemorrhage, cardiac disorders and pregnancy induced hypertension in 2005. The main causes led to hemorrhage were retention of placenta, uterine inertia and rupture of uterine. Conclusion MMR in China appeared a trend less change during 2000-2005. The number one cause of maternal deaths was obstetric hemorrhage. Reducing MMR in rural area and improving the skill of treating obstetrie hemorrhage were essential to achieve the goal of reducing maternal death in the Outline of Chinese Women's Development (2000-2010).