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Traffic-related air pollution, preterm birth and term birth weight in the PIAMA birth cohort study
Authors:Gehring Ulrike  Wijga Alet H  Fischer Paul  de Jongste Johan C  Kerkhof Marjan  Koppelman Gerard H  Smit Henriette A  Brunekreef Bert
Affiliation:aInstitute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;bCentre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands;cCentre for Environmental Health Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands;dDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;eDepartment of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;fDepartment of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands;gJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
Abstract:

Background

Maternal exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Few studies took into account the spatial and temporal variation of air pollution levels.

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy on preterm birth and term birth weight using a spatio-temporal exposure model.

Methods

We estimated maternal residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5) and soot during pregnancy (entire pregnancy, 1st trimester, and last month) for 3853 singleton births within the Dutch PIAMA prospective birth cohort study by means of temporally adjusted land-use regression models. Associations between air pollution concentrations and preterm birth and term birth weight were analyzed by means of logistic and linear regression models with and without adjustment for maternal physical, lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Results

We found positive, statistically non-significant associations between exposure to soot during entire pregnancy and during the last month of pregnancy and preterm birth [adj. OR (95% CI) per interquartile range increase in exposure 1.08 (0.88–1.34) and 1.09 (0.93–1.27), respectively]. There was no indication of an adverse effect of air pollution exposure on term birth weight.

Conclusions

In this study, maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy was not associated with term birth weight. There was a tendency towards an increased risk of preterm birth with increasing air pollution exposure, but statistical power was low.
Keywords:Air pollution   Traffic   Pregnancy   Preterm birth   Birth weight
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