Intervención fisioterápica preventiva del deterioro de la musculatura respiratoria en ancianas institucionalizadas con limitación funcional

Introduction

In elderly seniors (>80 years), respiratory function may be compromised when, in addition to the presence of comorbidity and loss of mobility, there is also reduced respiratory muscle (RM) strength. The literature has shown that RM training could be an effective method to improve RM function and prevent clinical deterioration, particularly in population with RM weakness.The main purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of RM training on the respiratory muscle strength and endurance of institutionalized elderly women with functional impairment.

Method

Fifty-four residents (mean=85 years, SD=6.7) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=27) or training (n=27) group. A supervised training program was developed with Threshold^®IMT, five times per week for 6-weeks. The main variables of the intervention were: maximum inspiratory pressure (PI_max), maximum expiratory pressure (PE_max) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), all of which were measured at weeks 0, 4, 7 and 10.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in PI_max (F_3,114=1.04, p=0.368, R²=0.027), PE_max (F_3,114=1.86, p=0.14, R²=0.047) and MVV (F_3,114=1.74, p=0.162, R²=0.044) between the two groups after the intervention. However, the workload significantly improved with the training sessions (F_5,100=72.031, p<0.001, R²=0.791).

Conclusion

In a 6-week interval-based training program, the threshold loading device does not significantly improve parameters related to RM strength and endurance of the study population.