某铜冶炼厂主要职业病危害因素及其对作业人员健康的影响

目的通过了解在铜冶炼过程中,作业场所中存在的主要职业危害因素及其对作业人员健康的影响,找出职业病危害因素的关键控制点。方法采样现场职业卫生学调查和作业场所中职业病危害因素监测的方法,分析职业危害状况;采用生物样品检测方法分析作业工人血铅、血镉、尿砷浓度;采用SPSS 16.0、Excel 2003软件进行数据处理与统计分析。结果重金属(铜、铅、镉、砷)危害主要集中在熔炼车间,二氧化硫分布较广,熔炼车间铜合格率为100%,镉的合格率为97.2%,铅的合格率为76.4%,砷的合格率为70.8%,二氧化硫的合格率为98.6%。整体年龄、工龄与血镉、血铅、尿砷的相关性均不显著(P0.05)。结论闪速炉工段为整个熔炼过程中职业病危害因素的关键控制点,电解车间阳极泥地坑为砷化氢的关键控制点。铅、镉、砷在职工体内蓄积均不明显。

Main occupational hazard and its health effects in a copper smelter

Objective]To understand the type of occupational hazards and its effect on health of workers in the workshop of copper smelting plant so as to find out the occupational hazards control point.Methods]Field occupational health survey and occupational hazards monitoring in work place were adopted to analyze the occupational hazards.Biological sample detection method was used to detect blood lead,blood cadmium,urine arsenic concentrations.And the data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2003.Results] Heavy metal(copper,lead,cadmium,arsenic) were the main hazards in the melt shop,SO2 was detected in many work shop,The qualified rate of copper,cadmium,lead,arsenic,SO2 were 100%,97.2%,76.4%,70.8%,98.6% The level of blood cadmium,blood lead,urine arsenic was not apparently correlated with overall age or service length(P>0.05).Conclusion]Flash smelting is a critical control point to occupational hazards in the whole smelting process.And anode slime pit is the very important control point to arsine in potroom.Cumulative effect of lead and urine is not obvious in the body of workers.