Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus following endoscopic ablation of Barrett's neoplasia

To assess the incidence of esophageal intra‐epithelial eosinophilic infiltration following endoscopic ablation of Barrett's esophagus (BE), a retrospective study of consecutive cases of endoscopic ablation of BE with dysplasia or cancer using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and spray cryotherapy at two centers in the United States was performed. Post‐ablation eosinophilia was defined as ≥5 eosinophils per high power field during post‐treatment surveillance. Twenty of 122 patients (16%) undergoing ablation developed esophageal eosinophilia after ablation, including 8/77 (10%) treated with RFA and 12/44 (27%) treated with cryotherapy. No patient had clinical or endoscopic findings of or risk factors for eosinophilic esophagitis. Esophageal eosinophilia persisted in 30% over a median of 20.2 months. On multivariate analysis, post‐ablation eosinophilia was independently associated with increasing BE segment length (adjusted odds ratio 1.46 for every 2‐cm increase, 95% confidence interval 1.24–1.71) and cryotherapy as the ablation modality (adjusted odds ratio 5.23, 95% confidence interval 1.67–16.39). Esophageal eosinophilic infiltration after endoscopic ablation with RFA and cryotherapy is common and is associated with the BE segment length and treatment modality. The clinical significance of post‐ablation eosinophilia is unclear.