健康信念模式对维持性血液透析患者的影响分析

目的：分析健康信念模式对维持性血液透析患者的作用。方法便利抽样我院肾内科100例维持性血液透析患者，并按照随机字母表法分为试验组和对照组，每组50例，并同时比较两组患者的年龄、性别等基线资料水平。给予试验组以健康信念模式为主要内容的健康教育，对照组常规健康教育，健康教育时间为8周，然后分别于健康教育前、健康教育后3个月和6个月利用《慢性病自我效能量表》和《血液透析患者自我管理量表》评估两组患者的自我效能和自我管理能力，并测定两组患者的液体摄入情况。结果两组患者的基线资料对比，差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。试验组在健康教育后6个月的液体控制、自我效能得分和自我管理能力得分与对照组对比差异有统计学意义，分别为（ t＝2．654， P＜0．05）、（ t＝3．823， P＜0．05）和（ t＝8．370， P＜0．05）。试验组的液体摄入、自我效能得分和自我管理能力得分在健康教育前、健康教育后3个月和健康教育后6个月间对比，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05），而对照组差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论健康信念模式能够有效控制透析患者的液体摄入，改善患者的自我效能和自我管理能力，促进了患者健康行为的长期维持。

Impact analysis of health believe mode on patients with maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To study the impact of health believe mode on patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Methods 100 patients with maintenance hemodialysis were collected by convenience sampling, and randomly divided into two groups according to the random alphabet method: the experimental group and the control group. Each group was 50 patients, and the baseline data of two groups was compared at the same time. The experimental group was received health education which mainly contained the health believe mode, and the control group was treated with routine health education. The time span of health education was 8 weeks. The self?efficacy and self?management ability scores of two groups were measured according to the “chronic disease self?efficacy scale” and “self?man?agement scale for hemodialysis patients”, and the fluid intake of two groups was also evaluated before health education, three months and six months after health education. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline data of two groups (P>0.05). Six months after health education, the scores of control group in fluid intake, self?efficacy and self?management ability were significantly better than the control group (t=2.654, P<0.05), (t=3.823, P<0.05) and (t=8.370, P<0.05). Fluid intake, self?efficacy and self?management score of two groups at six months after the health education was better than these indexes at three months after the health education and before the health education. Fluid intake, self?efficacy and self?management scores of the experimental group were significantly different before the health education, three months and six months after health education ( P<0.05) . However, there were no statistical difference about these indexes of the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Health belief model can effectively control the fluid intake of hemodialysis patients, and improve the patient?s self?efficacy and self?management, which promotes patient?s health behavior.