实验性哮喘大鼠气道重塑的形态学变化

目的 为了研究中药治疗哮喘的作用机制，首先通过动态观察哮喘大鼠气道重塑的病理变化，以期对哮喘气道重塑的动物模型作一定的探索。方法 把模型大鼠分为5个观察时间点：激发前，激发第2、4、6、8周。同时把生理盐水处理组作为对照组。通过图象分析测定支气管内周长(Pi)、管壁厚度(d)、气道内腔面积(Ai)、外腔面积(Ao)、气道壁面积(WA)。为了消除管径大小、气道的状态以及切片的方向不同等所造成的差别，把气道壁厚度和面积分别用内周长进行标准化，厚度表示为d／Pi；面积表示为WA／Pi^2。同时把膜性气道分为大、中、小三个等级进行比较。结果 小气道变化最快，幅度较大；中气道变化相对小气道稍迟缓；大气道在激发4周以后才出现较大的结构改变，增长幅度最小。而生理盐水对照组在激发前后未见明显改变。结论 (1)反复、长期、较低浓度的抗原刺激可以复制慢性哮喘大鼠气道重塑模型。(2)气道重塑首先发生在中、小膜性气道，在激发第2周即已出现，小气道增厚的幅度最大；其结构改变随时间呈增长趋势，至第8周时未见消减。(3)其气道结构改变与人类哮喘的气道重塑改变相近，可以作为哮喘气道重塑的研究模型。

Morphological changes following airway remodeling in asthmatic rats

Objective To explore the establishment of an asthmatic model with airway remodeling in rats by observing the morphological changes of the airway in different stages. Methods Animals were divided into two groups:asthmatic group and control group. The subjects were observed at 5 phases:before activation and 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after activation. General histological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Being standardized by internal perimeter (Pi), the wall thickness (d), internal area (Ai), outer area (Ao) and wall area (WA) of the airway were quantified by computer assisted image analysis system. And the membrane airways were divided into 3 grades (large, media and small airways) to be analyzed. Results The changes of small airway appeared earlier and greater than the others.The changes of media airway appeared later than the small one.The changes of large airway appeared as later as the 4th week after activation.There were no differences before and after activation in control group(P>0.05). Conclusion (1)Prolonged, repeated and low density Ag activation could establish asthmatic model with airway remodeling.(2) The morphological changes of the airways increased following airway remodeling, and the greatest increase occurred at small airway.(3)The morphological changes in the model rats were similar to that in human beings.