Evaluation of antibacterial and remineralizing nanocomposite and adhesive in rat tooth cavity model |
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| Institution: | 1. Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;2. Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA;5. Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;6. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;7. University of Maryland Dental School, General Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA |
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| Abstract: | Antibacterial and remineralizing dental composites and adhesives were recently developed to inhibit biofilm acids and combat secondary caries. It is not clear what effect these materials will have on dental pulps in vivo. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial and remineralizing restorations in a rat tooth cavity model, and determine pulpal inflammatory response and tertiary dentin formation. Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) were synthesized and incorporated into a composite and an adhesive. Occlusal cavities were prepared in the first molars of rats and restored with four types of restoration: control composite and adhesive; control plus DMADDM; control plus NACP; and control plus both DMADDM and NACP. At 8 or 30 days, rat molars were harvested for histological analysis. For inflammatory cell response, regardless of time periods, the NACP group and the DMADDM + NACP group showed lower scores (better biocompatibility) than the control group (p = 0.014 for 8 days, p = 0.018 for 30 days). For tissue disorganization, NACP and DMADDM + NACP had better scores than the control (p = 0.027) at 30 days. At 8 days, restorations containing NACP had a tertiary dentin thickness (TDT) that was five- to six-fold that of the control. At 30 days, restorations containing NACP had a TDT that was four- to six-fold that of the control. In conclusion, novel antibacterial and remineralizing restorations were tested in rat teeth in vivo for the first time. Composite and adhesive containing NACP and DMADDM exhibited milder pulpal inflammation and much greater tertiary dentin formation than the control adhesive and composite. Therefore, the novel composite and adhesive containing NACP and DMADDM are promising as a new therapeutic restorative system to not only combat oral pathogens and biofilm acids as shown previously, but also facilitate the healing of the dentin–pulp complex. |
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| Keywords: | Dental nanocomposite Bonding agent Calcium phosphate nanoparticles Quaternary ammonium methacrylate Rat tooth cavity |
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