以脊柱侧凸为首发症状的青少年不典型腰椎间盘突出症诊治分析

目的 回顾性分析以脊柱侧凸为首诊的青少年不典型腰椎间盘突出症的临床特征及治疗策略.方法 自1998至2007年,共收治以脊柱侧凸为首诊的青少年腰椎间盘突出症患者19例,其中男性10例,女性9例,年龄14～20岁.腰椎间盘突出部位为L4,5> 10例,L5>S1>7例,L4>～S1>2例.脊柱侧凸Cobb角23°～38°,C7>铅垂线到骶骨正中线的距离平均4.7 cm.本组患者均行经后路椎板开窗髓核摘除术,术后骨盆带牵引3周.3周后摄片复查,如脊柱侧凸消失或好转,则逐步恢复日常生活;如侧凸改善不明显,即行牵引下矫形石膏外制动1个月.结果 14例(73.7%)患者的腰椎间盘突出位于腰弯凸侧,5例(26.3%)患者的椎间盘突出位于腰弯凹侧,腰弯方向与腰椎间盘突出侧别之间具有边缘相关性(P=0.07).本组患者术后下肢麻木不适感或放射性疼痛均消失.术后3周摄全脊柱X线片复查,脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均14°,C7>铅垂线到骶骨正中线的距离平均2.2 cm.平均随访21个月,患者均恢复正常学习和生活.无腰痛,无下肢疼痛、麻木等症状复发,脊柱侧凸的自发性纠正均无明显丢失.结论 以脊柱侧凸为首诊的青少年腰椎间盘突出症缺少成人腰椎间盘突出症的典型临床特征,易被误诊.早期诊断、及时正确处理,临床疗效满意.

Clinical evaluation of adolescent lumbar disc herniation misdiagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis

Objective To retrospectively review the clinical features and treatment strategy of lumbar disc herniation in adolescents initially misdiagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis. Methods From 1998 to 2007, nineteen adolescents with lumbar disc herniation were admitted to our hospital. All of them presented a scoliotic curve as their first complaint. There were 10 males and 9 females with the age ranged from 14 to 20 years. The disc hemiation located at L4,5 in 10 patients, at L5>S1> in 7, and at L4>-S1> in 2. The Cobb angle ranged from 23° to 38°. The distance from the C7 plumb line to the central sacral line averaged 4.7 cm. All the patients underwent conventional open discectomy, followed by a pelvic traction for 3 weeks. A cast fixation for one month was recommended for further correction of scoliosis if the curve improvement was not obvious. Results Fourteen(73.7% )patients had a disc herniation at the convex side of lumbar curve, and 5 (26. 3% )patients had a disc herniation at the concave side, which showed a marginal statistical correlation between the side of the disc herniation and the direction of lumbar curve ( P = 0. 07 ). Leg pain and numbness disappeared in the 19 patients after surgical decompression. After the pelvic traction for 3 weeks postoperatively, the Cobb angle reduced to 14 degrees, with the mean distance from the C7> plumb line to the central sacral line of 2. 2 cm. At a mean follow-up of 21 months, neither the reoccurrence of back pain and leg pain nor the loss of spontaneous scoliosis correction was found. Conclusions Care should be taken to the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation in adolescents with spine deformity as their chief complaint.Satisfactory clinical results can be achieved by early diagnosis and proper treatment.