酗酒——伤害发生重要而共同的危险因素

目的 分析饮酒对伤害发生的影响及立论饮酒是伤害共同危险因素，提出防治措施。方法 分别就酒精对大脑／肝脏的短期／长期作用，对机动车驾驶员／步行和骑自行车的影响，酗酒对意外伤害／故意伤害的影响进行比较研究、原因深入研究，就血酒浓度的增高对道路交通伤害的影响进行回顾分析。结果 酒精对大脑的短期作用与伤害发生关系密切，酒后驾车及酗酒后的步行、骑自行车，发生道路交通伤害的危险性增加。急诊伤害的前3位原因构成是机械伤、跌伤、道路交通伤害，并未因经济发达程度不同、地理位置不同而改变。酗酒是道路交通伤害、跌伤等意外伤害以及机械伤等故意伤害的危险因素。结论 酗酒是伤害发生重要而共同的危险因素；应加强健康教育、增强自控能力、健全法制法规、提高管理效能。

Excessive drinking-the critical and common risk factor of injury occurring

Objective To analyze the influence and common risk fact or of drinking on injury occurring, to put forward strategies for prevention and c ontrol of excessive drinking. Methods Comparative research and underline cause study on the short-term vs.long-term effect of alcohol, the effect of alcohol on brain vs.liver of human beings, the effect of alcohol on m otor vehicle drivers vs.pedestrians and cyclists, the influence of excessive d rinking on unintentional vs.intentional injuries. Review study on the influenc e of the increase of blood alcohol concentration on road traffic injury. Results The short-term effect of alcohol on brains of human beings i s closely related to injury occurring. The risk factor of road traffic injury i ncreases among excessive drinking drivers, drunk pedestrians and cyclists. The top three types of injuries visiting emergency department of hospitals are m echanical injury, falls and road traffic injury. The distribution of major caus es of injury victims does not be changed by the economic and geographic differen c e. Excessive drinking is the critical risk factor of unintentional injuries lik e road traffic injury and falls as well as the intentional injury like mechanica l injury. Conclusion Excessive drinking is the critical and co mmon risk factor of injury occurring. The prevention and control of excessive d r inking needs enhancing health education, strengthening self-control capability, completing laws and regulations, increasing the effectiveness of management.