巨噬细胞的极化分型在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的研究进展

巨噬细胞是单核巨噬细胞系统的终末分化细胞，由单核细胞分化而来。巨噬细胞通过吞噬作用参与非特异性免疫，在适应性免疫中主要发挥免疫调节及抗原递呈功能，从而影响机体全身代谢、造血、血管生成、凋亡、肿瘤和生殖等多种进程。COPD是一种机体对吸烟或吸入其他有害气体、颗粒物引起的异常炎症反应，病理学定义为持续存在的气流受限。它包括一系列病理过程，如大气道的炎症（慢性支气管炎）和小气道的气道重塑、弹性减退和肺间质的破坏造成的肺气肿。尽管引起炎症和肺部组织损伤的原因没有完全研究清楚，但单核巨噬细胞通过释放炎性介质在引起肺部炎症和肺气肿的过程中起到了关键的作用。巨噬细胞因其所处微环境的不同存在不同的分型，而且这种分型在COPD中也有了一定的进展，但吸烟对于巨噬细胞极化分型的影响仍颇有争议。现就巨噬细胞的极化分型在COPD中的研究进展综述如下。

Polarization phenotypes of macrophages in chronic cbstructive pulmonary disease

Macrophages are terminally differentiated cells of monocyte-macrophage system, deriving from mononuclear cells. Macrophages participate in non-specific immunity through phagocytosis, with immune regulation and antigen presenting function mainly in adaptive immunity, thereby affecting the body~ s metabolism, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cancer, reproductive processes, etc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an abnormal inflammatory response caused by smoking or inhaling other harmful gases,defined as a persistent airflow timitation in pathology. It includes a series of pathological processes,such as airway inflammation （chronic bronchitis） and small airway remodeling, elastidty loss and emphysema caused by the damage fo pulmonary interstitial. Although the reasons of inflammation and lung tissue damage are unclear, it is believed that the release of inflammatory mediators of the macrophages played a key role in these progresses. There are different cell subtypes of macrophages depending on the local microenvironment, with some researches in progress, however, the effect of smoking to the polarization phenotype of macrophages remains controversial. Now the researches of the polarization phenotype of macrophages are summarized below.