超低出生体重儿主要并发症与相关因素分析

目的通过对超低出生体重儿（Extremely loWbirthweightinfant，ELBWI）的主要并发症相关危险因素的分析，探讨减少ELBWI并发症的方法。方法回顾性分析44例ELBWI的相关资料，探讨其主要并发症严重新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）和脑室周围一脑室内出血（PVH—IVH）与相关因素的关系。胎龄、出生体重与并发症关系分析采用独立样本t检验，其他计数资料与并发症的关系采用7。检验。结果多胎、分娩时窒息及气管内应用肺表面活性物质（pulmonarysurfactant，PS）与NRDS有关（P〈0．05）；胎龄小、男性、气管内应用PS、机械通气及宫内感染与PVH—IVH有关（P〈0．05）。结论减少多胎妊娠、低胎龄早产及降低ELBWI的窒息发生率，有望减少NRDS、PVH～IVH等并发症的发生。

MAJOR COMPLICATIONS AND RELATIVE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Objective To explore the means to reduce the happens of complications of ELBWTS and to in- vestigate its risk factors. Methods Clinical data of 44 ELBWS were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the correlation between risk factors and major complications in ELBWls and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome {NRDS） and periventricular- intraventricular hemorrhage （PVH - IVH） by T- test in numeri- cal variables or Chi- square test in categorical variables. Results Multiplets, asphyxia and intratracheal instillation of pulmonary surfactant（PS） increased the risk of severe NRDS{P〈0.05）. Low gestational age, male, intratracheal instillation of PS, mechanical ventilation { MV） and intrauterine infection increased the risk of PVH - IVH （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Preventing preterm birth of lower gestational age infant, reducing multiple births and incidence of asphyxia may decrease the occurrence of RDS and PVH - IVH.