全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术及双向格林分流术治疗复杂先天性心脏病的疗效

目的评价全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术(TCPC)和双向格林分流术(Glennshunt)治疗功能性单心室等复杂先天性心脏病的疗效。方法2002年1月至2004年5月,12例患者接受了TCPC及双向Glenn分流术。病种分别为三尖瓣闭锁(TA)3例,二尖瓣闭锁(MA)1例,右位心完全性大动脉错位(D-TGA)伴完全型房室共同通道(CAVSD)1例,右位心大动脉错位1例,左旋心单心室1例,单心室2例,D-TGA3例。12例中3例行双向Glenn分流术(TA、右位心D-TGA伴CAVSD和单心室各1例),其余9例行TCPC手术(TA2例、MA1例、右位心D-TGA及肺动脉狭窄1例、左旋心1例、单心室1例、D-TGA3例)。结果手术后近期效果:12例患者中11例存活,1例D-TGA患者术后19h死于急性肾功能衰竭,住院死亡率8.3%。手术中CPB时间78～155min,升主动脉阻断时间36～122min。机械辅助通气时间8～18h,ICU监护时间15～32h,住院时间16～58d。术后中心静脉压(即肺动脉压)8～18mmHg,脉搏血氧饱和度0.80～0.96。TCPC后,2例单心室和2例D-TGA患者发生乳糜胸,经置胸腔引流管和综合性治疗,分别于术后22d、33d、36d和48d痊愈出院。手术后中远期效果:术后随访2至28个月,1例右位心D-TGA伴CAVSD患者在双向Glenn分流术后1年因肺动静脉瘘(PAVF)引发大咯血死亡;其余10例存活,心功能～级,无恶性心律失常、无血栓形成和脑部并发症发生。结论TCPC和双向Glenn分流术是治疗功能性单心室等复杂先心病的生理性矫治方法,具有较好的手术安全性和近期、中远期的效果,手术中足够大的腔静脉和肺动脉吻合口和围手术期的积极处理是取得良好临床效果的关键。

The Result of Total Cavopulmonary Connection and Bidirectional Glenn Shunt for Treating Complex Congenital Heart Diseases

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) and bidirectional Glenn shunt for treating complex congenital heart diseases with single functional ventricles. Methods From January 2002 to May 2004, twelve children, who had complex congenital heart diseases with single functional ventricles, underwent TCPC and bidirectional Glenn shunt. Among them, male was 3 and female was 9. Ages were from 4 to 13 years and body weights were from 14 to 34 kilograms. The diseases included mitral atresia 1 case, tricuspid atresia 3 cases, right ectopic heart with transposition of great arteries 3 cases, D-transposition of great arteries 3 cases, and single ventricle 2 cases. Results Eleven children survived and one child died in acute renal failure 19 hours after operation. The hospital mortality was 8.3%. Four children had chyle-thorax postoperatively, and eight children had uneventful recovery. In the follow-up period, one child died 12 months postoperatively for pulmomary arteriovenous fistula, and there were no complications like severe arrhythmia, thrombosis and cerebral problems. Conclusions TCPC and bidirectional Glenn shunt are safe and effective techniques for treating complex congenital heart diseases with single functional ventricles, and the clinical outcomes are satisfactory. The key points for the successful operation are big enough cava-pulmonary anastomosis as well as aggressive perioperative management.