基于健康信念理论对社区居民健康素养的干预研究

目的以健康信念理论为基础,通过线上和线下结合的健康教育方式规范社区居民健康的自我管理,提高居民的依从性和自我管理效能,达到有效干预居民的健康素养水平和防控慢病的目的。方法2018年4月—2018年10月组建干预小组,针对北京市西城区某社区149名居民进行横断面研究,以《中国公民健康素养66条》为基础对社区居民的健康素养进行基线调查,2018年11月-2019年4月基于健康信念理论对自愿参加类实验研究的149名社区居民进行线上和线下的健康宣教后,再次评估该社区居民的健康素养水平。结果该社区居民的健康素养水平由活动前的11.4%提升至活动后的21.5%,健康素养各方面的提升及不同性别、学历、经济状况方面健康素养的提升都存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以健康信念理论为基础,对社区居民进行有效的线上和线下的健康宣教有助于提升居民的健康素养水平。

Intervention research on community residents’ health literacy based on health belief theory

Objective Based on the health belief theory,through the combination of online and offline health education,to standardize the self-management of community residents’health,to improve residents’compliance and self-management efficiency,and to achieve the purpose of effective intervention of residents’health literacy level and prevention and control of chronic diseases.Methods From April 2018 to October 2018,a cross-sectional study was conducted on an intervention group of 149 community residents in Xicheng District,Beijing.Based on 66 Items of Health Literacy of Chinese Citizens,a baseline survey was conducted on the health literacy of community residents.From November 2018 to April 2019,149 community residents who voluntarily participated in the experimental study were conducted online and offline health education based on the health belief theory.After the education,the community residents’health literacy level was evaluated again.Results The community residents’health literacy level rose from 11.4%before the activity to 21.5%after the activity.There are differences in the promotion of health literacy in all aspects and in the promotion of health literacy in different genders,educational background and economic conditions,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Based on the health belief theory,effective online and offline health education for community residents is helpful to improve their health literacy level.