227例类鼻疽病例的流行病学特征

目的 分析海口市海南医学院三家附属医院2000—2019年收治的227例类鼻疽患者的流行病学特征,为类鼻疽的防治、诊断提供理论依据。方法 对227例类鼻疽患者开展回顾性调查,分析其性别、年龄、民族、职业、地区、时间等流行病学特征,并对研究对象进行电话随访。结果 227例类鼻疽患者中,男性202人,占88.5%,女性26人,占11.5%; 40~<60岁年龄段的患者最多,127人,占55.9%;汉族202人,占89.0%,黎族23人,占10.1%;农民为主要患病群体,共91人,占40.1%;患者以东方市分布最多, 42人,占18.5%,海口市次之,41人,占18.1%。类鼻疽病发病时间集中于夏秋季,且9、10月为发病高峰,2016年患病人数最多,34人,占15.0%。最为常见的收治科室为传染科 58 人,占25.6%,其次为呼吸内科46人,占20.3%,外科30人,占13.2%。共随访了62例,随访结果显示,85.5%（53例）的患者痊愈,4.8%（3例）出现复发,9.7%（6例）死亡。结论 中老年、接触疫水和土壤的人群、沿海地区、夏秋季为类鼻疽的高危因素,应加强人们对类鼻疽的认识,做好相应的防治工作。

Epidemiological investigation of 227 cases of melioidosis patients

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 227 patients with melioidosis in three affiliatedhospitals of haikou hainan medical college from 2000 to 2019, and we provide theoretical basis for the prevention, treatmentand diagnosis of melioidosis.MethodsA retrospective investigation was conducted on 227 melioidosis patients, and theirepidemiological characteristics, such as gender, age, nationality, occupation, region and time, were analyzed and the subjectswere followed up by telephone.ResultsAmong the 227 cases, 202 were males(88.5%) and 26 were females(11.5%). Thepatients aged 40-<60 years were the most(127, 55.9%). Han nationality were 202 cases, accounted for 89.0%, Li nationalitywere 23 cases, accounted for 10.1%;Farmers were the main incidence group(91, 40.1%). The most patients were found inDongfang city(42, 18.5%), followed by Haikou city(41, 18.1%). The onset time of melioidosis was concentrated in summer andautumn, and the peak time of the disease was in September and October. In 2016, the number of patients was the largest(34,15.0%). The most common admission departments were infectious diseases department with 58 patients(25.6%), followed byrespiratory department with 46 patients(20.3%) and surgery department with 30 patients(13.2%). Our results showed that85.5%(53/62) of the patients recovered, 4.8%(3 cases) experienced recurrence and 9.7%(6 cases) died.ConclusionMiddle-aged and old people, people exposed to epidemic water and soil, coastal areas, summer and autumn are the high risk factors ofmelioidosis. People’s awareness of melioidosis should be strengthened and corresponding prevention and treatment should bedone well.