兔胫骨大段完全骨缺损的解剖学模型构建

BACKGROUND:Tissue-engineered bone has been considered to be a promising candidate for the repair and reconstruction of load-bearing large segmental bone defects. Currently, the studies on the application of tissue-engineered bone mainly focus on cell-scaffold or cytokine-scaffold constructs, which have shed light upon the repair of large segmental bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To establish simple and convenient tissue engineering of anatomically shaped tibial bone defect models using three-dimensional rapid prototyping technology to manufacture rabbit tibia biomimetic artificial bone scaffolds. METHODS:Three-dimensional electronic models were constructed using Mimic software. Hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone scaffolds were manufactured by fused deposition modeling equipment. Fifty rabbits aged 6 months were randomly divided into three groups: blank control (n=3), control (n=6) and experimental groups (n=6), respectively. Tibial defects ranged 1.2 cm were made in all groups. No treatment was given in blank control group. The bone defects in control and experimental groups were repaired with autogenous osteotomized bone and anatomical tissue-engineered bone, respectively, and fixed with plates and screws. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Rabbit tibial bone measurements: tibial length was (93.77±0.59) mm, tibiofibular transverse diameter (8.36±0.13) mm, sagittal diameter (5.97±0.12) mm, average thickness of bone cortex (1.20±0.10) mm, average diameter of the medullary cavity (4.30±0.06) mm. Angle between the connection line of the midpoints of superior and inferior articular surfaces at the side of tibial bone models and the connection line of the midpoints of superior and inferior intersecting surfaces at the side of osteotomized bone models was α=(5.97±0.13)°. (2) X-ray in bone defects: at postoperative 4 and 12 weeks, no obvious displacement and angulated deformity were found in bone grafts, suggesting the good bone defect repair. (3) Histological examination: at postoperative 4 weeks, bone scaffolds were filled with new bone in the experimental group. Furthermore, considerably increased new bone formation and mineralization were observed at postoperative 12 weeks. (4) General observation: no obvious displacement and angulated deformity occurred in bone defect grafts at postoperative 4 and 12 weeks. These findings suggest that rabbit anatomical models of large segmental tibial bone defects with good stability were constructed using three-dimensional prototyping technology, which may simulate the structure and function of bone tissue and be used for guiding the new bone regeneration. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Construction of rabbit anatomical three-dimensional models of large segmental tibial defects