川崎病合并冠状动脉瘤63例临床分析

目的分析川崎病(KD)合并冠状动脉(以下简称冠脉)瘤患儿的临床特点。方法对首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2000—2007年收治的63例超声心动图诊断为冠脉瘤的KD患儿临床资料、实验室检查、超声及心电图检查结果、治疗情况及随诊资料进行回顾性分析。结果(1)冠脉瘤患儿男性明显多于女性,男∶女为5.3∶1;冠脉巨大瘤男女比例为8.3∶1;<1岁患儿多发,占28.6%。(2)本组患儿中不完全KD、静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)抵抗以及KD复发的发生率均较高,分别为36.5%、30.2%和7.9%;急性期57例(90.5%)患儿使用IVIG冲击治疗,3例未用,3例使用情况不详;36例(57.1%)患儿发病至丙种球蛋白应用的时间间隔大于10 d。(3)超声检查发现小冠脉瘤患儿7例,中等冠脉瘤19例,巨大瘤37例,左冠脉受累者占76.2%,其中58.3%发生在前降支;右冠脉受累者达87.3%,其中47.3%发生在右冠Ⅱ段;双侧冠脉同时受累者占63.5%。(4)随诊发现71.4%冠脉瘤呈现回缩趋势,45.2%的受累分支冠脉瘤消退,平均消退时间为(2.1±1.5)年。结论对于男性、发病年龄<1岁、不完全KD、发生IVIG抵抗、复发患儿及应用IVIG治疗较晚患儿要警惕冠脉瘤的发生;左冠前降支及右冠脉瘤样病变最多见,多数冠脉瘤在恢复期发生回缩。

Analysis of 63 cases of kawasaki disease complicated with coronary aneurysms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of coronary aneurysm in children with Kawasaki disease.MethodsCoronary aneurysm was identified by using echocardiography in 63 children with Kawasaki disease from 2000 to 2007.Their gender,age,clinical presentations,use of intravenous gamma immunoglobulin (IVIG),laboratory study results and echocardiographic study results in the acute and convalescent phase were examined retrospectively.Results(1) Boys and infants were more likely to develop coronary aneurysms,the male to female ratio being 5.3∶1,and for patients with giant aneurysms the male to female ratio was 8.3∶1.(2)The rate of incomplete KD,IVIG non-responders and recurrence in this group of patients were 36.5%,30.2% and 7.9%,respectively,which were higher than the whole KD group.In the acute phase,57 of 63 patients were treated by IVIG with different doses,3 of them did not receive IVIG treatment and the other 3 patients’ IVIG treatments were unknown.The duration from onset to IVIG treatment was longer than 10 days in 36 of the 63 (57.1%) children.(3) Small aneurysms were detected by 2-D echo in 7 patients,medium aneurysms in 19 patients and giant aneurysm in 37 patients.In all of these patients,76.2% of them had left coronary artery aneurysms,and 87.3% of them had right coronary artery aneurysms;47.3% of them had both left and right aneurysms.In the patients with left coronary aneurysms,58.3% of them have left anterior descending branch aneurysms; and in patients with right coronary aneurysms,47.3% of them were located in the right coronary artery segment II.(4) Coronary aneurysm regressed in 71.4 % of the branches.The lumen diameter of the affected branches returned to normal in 45.2% of them,with a mean regression time of 2.1±1.5 years.ConclusionBeing male,younger than 1 year old,incomplete KD,IVIG non-responder,recurrence and later IVIG treatment are possible risk factors of coronary aneurysms in children with Kawasaki disease.Most children have multi-coronary artery aneurysms and left anterior descending branch and right coronary artery are the most commonly affected branches,and most of the coronary aneurysms have the tendency to regress during the convalescent phase.