2型糖尿病患者焦虑状况调查及危险因素分析

目的了解2型糖尿病患者焦虑情绪状况并对相关因素进行分析。方法采用Zung焦虑自评量表对241例2型糖尿病患者进行横断面调查,评价焦虑患病率及焦虑评分,并对性别、年龄、职业、文化水平、收入状况、体重指数、病程、降糖方案、血糖、高血压、血脂异常、并发症等因素对焦虑患病率和评分的影响进行比较和相关性分析。结果 2型糖尿病患者的焦虑评分为35.18±7.66,患病率为22.4%（n=54）,均高于国内一般人群的29.94±8.20和6.1%（P=0.000,P=0.001）。年龄亚组分析显示,40～49岁组焦虑评分和患病率最高,与≥70岁组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.010,P=0.018）。在职脑力组焦虑评分最高,与退休体力组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.019）。文盲组焦虑评分最低,高中组焦虑评分最高,其次为初中以下组,均显著高于文盲组（P=0.027,P=0.038）。病程小于1年的患者焦虑评分最高,与病程2～5年组比较,P=0.034。焦虑患病率比较,病程〉5年组最高为26.2%,显著高于病程2～5年组的14.1%（P=0.044）。血糖控制越差焦虑评分和患病率则越高,但各组间差异无统计学意义。有慢性并发症的患者焦虑评分和患病率均高于无并发症者,但差异无统计学意义。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,年龄是焦虑的独立危险因素,焦虑评分与年龄呈显著负相关（P=0.003）,中年2型糖尿病患者较老年患者更为严重。结论 2型糖尿病患者存在明显的焦虑情绪,血糖控制差及患有慢性并发症的患者焦虑评分及患病率较高。中年、在职脑力劳动、中等文化水平和初发的患者焦虑评分及患病率升高更加明显。

Survey of anxious status of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and analysis of risk factors

Objective To investigate the anxious status of the patients with type 2 diabetes and analyze the risk factors.Methods Two hundred and forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes were inquired and assessed with self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）.At the same time,gender,age,occupation,education,income,BMI,duration,treatment,glucose control,hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetic chronic complication were investigated and correlation was analyzed.Results The prevalence of depression （22.4%） and the score of SAS （35.18 ± 7.66） were higher than those of control group （6.1% and 29.94 ± 8.20,P=0.001 and P=0.000）.The scores of SAS and prevalence in the patients aged 40-49 years old were higher than those of ≥70 years groups significantly （P=0.010,P=0.018）.The score of SAS in brainwork in-service patients was higher than that in retiring patients （P=0.019）.The scores of SAS and anxious ratio in illiteracy group were lowest,patients in senior high school culture and the junior high school following culture had higher scores than those in illiteracy group （P=0.027,P=0.038）.Patients with less than 1 year duration had the higher score of SAS than that in 2-5 years duration.The prevalence of patients with more than 5 years was higher than patients with 2-5 years duration （P=0.044）.The worsen glucose control,the higher scores of SAS and prevalence of anxiety,but no difference statistically among all groups.Patients with chronic complications were more severe in anxious status,but no sense between two groups.There were no significant differences of SAS scores and anxious prevalence between the patients with different sexes,income,body mass index and lipid profile.Age is associated risk factor for anxiety based on linear regression.Conclusions Anxious status is prominent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Middle-aged individuals who’ re brainwork in-service,moderated education,poor blood glucose control and chronic complications are prone to be anxious.