多糖抗肝损伤作用及其机制研究进展

肝损伤是各种肝脏疾病共有的一种病理状态,其持续恶化会导致肝硬化、肝纤维化、肝癌。因此,寻找对抗肝损伤有效物质受到广泛关注。活性多糖广泛存在于植物、微生物、动物内,具有高效、低毒、副作用小的特点,已成为抗肝损伤天然药物制剂领域的研究热点,也取得了较多的进展。该文从抗肝损伤的多糖类型、肝损伤的发病类型及发病机制等方面对国内外相关文献进行归纳分析,并对多糖在抗肝损伤方面的开发利用前景进行了展望。研究结果显示,植物多糖、动物多糖和微生物多糖具有良好的抗肝损伤效应,主要通过抗自由基损伤、对抗肝细胞钙超载、调节线粒体功能等发挥抗化学性肝损伤功效,和通过调节细胞因子、抑制补体系统激活、抑制炎性介质产生、防止肝细胞凋亡等发挥抗免疫性肝损伤功效。可见多糖具有资源丰富、效应多样、作用靶点多、作用途径广等特性,是潜在的抗肝损伤药物制剂。

Advance in study on hepatoprotective effects and its mechanism of polysaccharides

Liver damage is the pathologic status in the liver system, which can lead to cirrhosis, fibrosis and cancer of the liver. So to search for effective drugs on prevention and treatment of anti-hepatic lesion have already attracted broad concern in the world. Polysaccharides widely exist in plants, microorganisms and animals, and have high efficiency but low toxicity properties. Therefore, polysaccharides had been the hotspot in the research field of liver-protecting medicines, and had undergone great progresses. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects and its mechanism of polysaccharides were summarized and reviewed, and the market prospects of development and application were prospected. The research result indicated that polysaccharides derived from plants, microorganisms, animals which had significant effects on liver protection. Results also showed that polysaccharides showed the protective effect on chemical liver injury by anti-oxidation, alleviating calcium overload, adjusting the function of mitochondria, and the protective effect on immune liver injury by regulating cytokine secretion, blocking the complement system activity, inhibiting inflammatory mediator expression, suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis. Polysaccharides had rich resource, diverse bio-effects, abundance approaches and multitarget. Therefore, there is huge potential for developing polysaccharides as novel hepatoprotective medicine candidates.