计算机X摄影测量正常成人下肢负重轴线

目的：用计算机X摄影和数据处理获得正常成人下肢负重轴线。方法：选择平均年龄为25岁的志愿者160人，男女各80例。志愿者的筛选标准：没有下肢疾病、畸形和手术病史，步态正常，没有下肢疼痛和活动功能障碍等病史。两下肢站立负重位，髋、膝、踝各摄片1次，由计算机软件合成得到下肢全长图像，并计算出下肢负重轴线角（A角）、胫骨内倾角（B角）和负重轴线与股骨解剖轴线之间的夹角（C角）。结果：男女A角各为（178．5士1．7）°和（179．0±1．5）°，即存在轻度的内翻；男女B角分别为（94．1±1．8）°和（94．1±1．2）°，即男女的膝关节线都有大约4°左右的内倾；男女C角各为（5．7±0．6）°和（5．8±0．7）°。结论：本研究得到的男女A角和C角与国外报道的西方人数据差异没有显著性。但男女膝关节B角要大于西方人B角，这可能是中国人容易发生膝关节骨关节炎的主要原因。

Computerized radiographic measure of weight-bearing axial alignment of the lower extremities in normal adult

Objective： To obtain weight-bearing axial alignment of the lower extremities in normal adult with computerized radiography and data processing. Methods： The mean age of 80 male and 80 female volunteers was 25-year-old. Screening criterion of these volunteers was no any disease, deformity, surgical history, abnormal gait, pain and motive dysfunction of the lower extremities. A weight-bearing radiograph of both lower extremities was made with the X-ray beam centered at the hip, knee and ankle, respectively. The three radiographs were pieced together to form a whole leg photo on which the weight-bearing axial angle of the lower extremity （angle A）, the medial inclination angle of the tibial plateau （angle B） and the angle between the weight-bearing axis and femoral anatomical axis （angle C） were calculated with computer software. Results： Male and female angles A were （178.5±1.7）° and （179.0±1.5）° respectively. This meant that there was a little varus of lower weight-bearing axis. Male and female angles B were （94.1±1.8）° and （94.1 ±1.2）° respectively. This meant that there was 4°medial incli- nation of knee axis transverse. Male and female angles C were （5.7±0.6）° and （5.8±0.7）° respectively. Conclusion： The angle A and angle C of the study are similar to those of white adults reported by foreigners. But the male and female angle B is larger than that of white adults. It may point out that Chinese have a higher tendency of ostenarthritis of the knee.