汶川地震应急期5 068名救灾人员患病调查

目的 分析四川汶川大地震后救灾人员的患病情况及其影响因素,提高救灾人员疾病防治水平.方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法对四川汶川地震灾区现场5 068名救灾人员进行调查,内容包括在为期20天的地震应急期中5 068名救灾人员的基本特征、患病情况、劳动卫生学指标、宿营地形并分析其相互关系.结果 汶川地震灾区现场救灾人员的常见病依次为昆虫性皮炎(患病率18.37%)、足癣(10.83%)、急性上呼吸道感染(10.56%)和日光性皮炎(6.20%).按作业性质比较,一线救灾人员急性上呼吸道感染患病率(11.04%)较高,后勤保障人员足癣患病率较高(15.21%),医务人员急性胃肠炎、昆虫性皮炎、牙龈炎等患病率高于其他组(P<0.05).按宿营地形比较,Ⅲ类地形(谷地)急性上呼吸道感染(24.90%)、昆虫性皮炎(36.50%)、足癣(20.02%)患病率显著高于Ⅰ类地形(平地)和Ⅱ类地形(坡地)(P<0.01).Ⅱ类地形急性胃肠炎患病率(1.26%)低于其他地形(P<0.05).结论 在地震后应急期,救灾人员易患皮炎、上呼吸道感染等常见病,患病率与其工作性质和宿营地形有关.

A survey on diseases suffering in 5 068 members of rescue teams in Weachuan earthquake

Objective To investigate the incidence of diseases in member of rescue teams in the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province.Method Twenty days afer the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,5 068 resucing staff of rescue learns as random and cluster sample were investigated and analyzed to find the factors impacting their fitness associated with their characters,diseases,work,and encampment styles.Results Members of rescue teams suffered from the following diseases:insect dermatitis (18.37%),tinea pedis (10.83%),acute upper respiratory infection (10.56%)and solar dermatitis (6.20%).Contrasted by work tasks,staff resucing on the front line had the highest incidence of acute upper-respiratory infection(11.04%) ,logistics workers had the highest incidence of tinea pedis(15.21% ),and more patients of acute gastroenteritis,insect dermatitis,gingivitis emerged from medical personnel group(P<0.05).The encampment sites were devided into three sorts:plain land,hillside and valley.The staff stayed at valley had higher incidence of acute upper respiratory infection (24.90%),insect dermatitis (36.50%) and tinca pedis (20.02%)than those worked at plain land and hillside (P<0.01).The incidence of acute gastroerrteritis(1.26%) ha staff resides hillside is lower than that in valley or plain land (P<0.05).Conclusions In the period of rescue actions in the guake-hit region,the members of rescue teams suffered from famihar diseases such as dermatitis and acute upper-respiratory infection,etc.The incidence of diseases is associated with their work tasks and the topography of cantonment.