1984—1999年北京城乡人群心血管病危险因素变化趋势的研究

目的:描述1984—1999年北京城乡人群心血管病主要危险因素的流行状况,对比并评价心血管病危险因素的变化趋势。方法:分别于1984—1985年,1988—1989年,1993年,1996年和1999年采用相同的方法,在北京市25~64岁人群中进行了5次独立的心血管病危险因素调查。按性别、城乡分组,比较各种危险因素在城乡人群中的不同变化趋势。结果:从1984—1999年,北京市城乡人群心血管病危险因素的变化趋势:1.城市人群的收缩压、舒张压水平和高血压患病率呈下降趋势,城市男性的下降趋势有统计学意义;而农村人群的收缩压、舒张压水平和高血压患病率则均呈上升趋势。2·各组人群的血清总胆固醇水平和高胆固醇血症患病率均呈上升趋势。15年间,城乡男性的血清总胆固醇水平每年分别增加0·06mmol/L(2·3mg/dL)和0·08mmol/L(3·1mg/dL)。3·除城市女性外,其他各组人群的体重指数(BMI)水平、腰围、超重+肥胖率(BMI≥24)、肥胖率(BMI≥28)和腹型肥胖率均呈上升趋势。4·吸烟支数和吸烟率在农村男性中呈上升趋势,在其他各组人群中则呈现下降趋势。尤其在女性中下降趋势有统计学显著性。结论:北京城乡人群的多项心血管病危险因素水平呈不同的变化趋势。农村人群的危险因素水平普遍高于城市人群,均呈上升趋势。今后应加强对农村人群的心血管病防治工作。

The trends of cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural areas of Beijing during 1984-1999

Objective:To describe the distribution of major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors and to analyze their trends in urban and rural populations of Beijing from 1984 to 1999.Method:Five independent CVD risk factors surveys were conducted using the same methodology in urban and rural populations of Beijing aged 25-64 years in 1984—1985, 1988—1989, 1993, 1996 and 1999, respectively. Analysis and comparison on trends of CVD risk factors were performed by sex and area.Result:There were differences in the trends of CVD risk factors between urban and rural populations: 1.Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of hypertension showed a decrease trend in urban population, especially in urban males, but it increased in rural. 2. The mean level of serum total cholesterol and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia were increased across the groups. In a period of 15 years (1984—1999) an annual increase of total cholesterol level of 0.06 mmol/L (2.3 mg/dl) in urban and of 0.08 mmol/L (3.1 mg/dl) in rural males were observed. 3. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, prevalence rate of overweight, obesity and central obesity increased in all groups except for urban females. 4. Smoking rate increased steadily in rural males, while it decreased in females and urban males.Conclusion:Marked differences in the change of major CVD risk factors were observed between urban and rural population. In view of the higher level and faster increase of risk factors in rural areas, it is suggested that more attention should be paid to rural population in CVD prevention in Beijing.