学龄前儿童发铅水平及其对健康影响的调查

目的了解广州市儿童发铅水平及其对健康的影响。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取广州市学龄前儿童作为调查对象,采用WFS-130型原子吸收分光光度法测量儿童的发铅含量,并对其健康状况和相关因素进行问卷调查。结果调查对象的平均发铅含量为8.642±2.509ug/g,发铅含量超标率为35.1%,儿童发铅含量随着年龄增加而降低。发铅含量超标的儿童经常使用彩色笔颜料和经常使用彩色餐饮具的比例分别为39.3%和29.0%,高于发铅含量正常的儿童。在工厂区生活的儿童的发铅含量超标率为40.5%,高于生活在其他环境的儿童。发铅含量超标儿童患多动症者、记忆和思考能力差的发生率分别为20.8%、7.63%,高于发铅正常儿童。结论儿童行为习惯和生活环境与其发铅含量有关,儿童发铅含量高对其健康状况有影响,应引起重视。

Study on hair lead levels of preschool children and its impact on their health

Objective To understand the hair lead levels of preschool children and its impact on their health in Guangzhou City. Methods Multi-stage random sampling was used to select the children, and the WFS - 130 type atomic absorption spectropbotometry was used to measure the hair lead level A questionnaire survey was conducted to the chil- dren＇ s parents about health status and related factors. Results The average lead content of children＇ s hair was 8. 642± 2. 509ug/g, and 35. 1% of the participants had hair lead content above standard. The younger children had the higher lead content of hair. The rates of the children whose hair lead content were excessive to use the color pencil pigment and to use the colored tableware were 39. 3% and 29. 0%, respectively, both higher than those of the normal. The over-limit rate of hair lead content in those children who lived in industrial areas was 40. 5%, much higher than those of other areas. The incident rates of ADHD and poor memory or thinking in the children who had lead content above standard were 20. 8% and 7.63%, respectively, higher than those of the normal. Conclusion The habits and living environment of children were related with their lead content of hair. It should take much attention in the influnce of hair lead content to children＇ s health.