经肛门括约肌间直肠切除结肠肛管吻合术作为超低位直肠癌保肛术的初步报告

目的 探讨经肛门括约肌间直肠切除结肠肛管吻合术（PIDCA)联合术前后放疗和化疗对超低位直肠癌保肛手术的治疗效果。方法从2002年6月到2004年10月,对19例患者施行该手术。男性11例,女性8例,平均年龄56岁(41-74岁)。肿瘤分期T,4例、T2 10例、T14例、L1例,肿瘤距离肛缘平均4．4cm(3．5-5．0cm)。经肛门在直视下从距离肿瘤下缘2cm全层切断直肠或肛门内括约肌,通过肛门内外括约肌间隙向上方游离直肠并与经腹完成的直肠游离汇合切除直肠及其系膜,经肛门行结肠肛管吻合,全部患者均未行预防性结肠或回肠造口。结果无手术死亡,吻合口瘘2例(10．5%)。随访时间为3～29个月,平均随访16个月,1例盆腔复发,复发率5．3％。术后肛门括约肌功能比较满意。结论对经过选择的距离肛缘≤5cm的超低位直肠癌结合术前后的盆腔放疗和化疗,PIDCA术是保留肛门括约肌功能较理想、安全的术式,有较好根治性治疗效果,术后肛门括约肌功能比较满意。

Early results of per anus intersphincteric rectal dissection and direct coloanal anastomosis: sphincter-preserving surgery for patients with very low rectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and curative effect of per anus intersphincteric rectal dissection and direct coloanal anastomosis (PIDCA) for patients with very low rectal cancer. METHODS: Nineteen patients were prospectively studied from June 2002 to October 2004. There were 11 males and 8 females, with a median age of 56 (range, 41 - 74) years. Nineteen patients had T(1) to T(4) tumors (T(1), n = 4; T(2), n = 10; T(3), n = 4; T(4), n = 1) located between 3.5 and 5.0 cm above the anal verge.The rectum, including the entire width of the internal analsphincter, was transected circumferentially via the anal route to secure the surgical margin of safety under direct vision and was mobilized proximally as far as possible through the intersphincteric plane.Per anus coloanal anastomosis was performed following transabdominal resection of the rectum. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Of nineteen patients, two (10.5%) had anastomotic leakage. Median follow-up duration was 16 (range, 3 - 29) months. Up to now, one patient developed recurrence (5.3%). Acceptable anal function results were obtained in most patients. CONCLUSIONS: Curability and anal function was obtained by PIDCA combined with preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. PIDCA is ideal and safe for selected patients with tumor located below 5 cm from the anal verge.