416例消化道异物摄入患者的临床表现及影像学分析

目的探讨急性消化道异物摄入后患者的临床表现与影像学特点,分析消化道异物摄入的伤害特征,以提高诊治水平及预防意识。方法对2017—2019年汕头大学医学院第二附属医院416例消化道异物患者的病历资料如异物种类、就诊原因、治疗及预后等进行描述性分析。结果共收集消化道异物416例,年龄最大者90岁,最小者28天。其中15~59岁年龄段人群最多,为249例(59.85%);6~14岁年龄段人群最少,为39例(9.38%);男女性别比为1.25∶1。消化道异物患者多因咽部或腹部不适,并伴有异物摄入史来诊,好发人群以青、中年人为主(59.85%),经治疗后大多预后较好;儿童常见异物为硬币、纽扣电池等金属钝性异物,成年人则以鱼刺、动物性骨块等异物常见;异物滞留部位以食管上端(66.34%)最常见,可导致不同程度的并发症,最常见的是消化道穿孔。结论不同年龄组人群消化道异物的发生特点不同,消化道异物患者虽大多预后良好,但仍有严重的并发症如消化道穿孔等发生,应针对发生原因进行积极防治。

Clinical and Radiological Analysis of 416 Patients with Foreign Bodies in Alimentary Tract

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of acute digestive tract foreign body intake and to analyze its injury characteristics,so as to improve the efficacy of prevention and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was done against 416 cases with patients diagnosed as digestive tract by imaging and clinical symptoms admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital,Shantou University Medical College during 2017—2019 including the types of foreign bodies,the causes of treatment,treatment and prognosis.Results The 416 patients aged from 1 month to 90 years old,with 39(9.38%)cases in the group 6-14 years old,249(59.85%)cases in the group 15-60 years old.Male to female sex ratio is 1.25∶1.Most of the patients with foreign bodies in the digestive tract were diagnosed by pharyngeal or abdominal discomfort with a history of foreign body intake.The majority of the patients were young and middle-aged(59.85%).After treatment,most of them had a good prognosis.The common foreign bodies in children were blunt metal foreign bodies such as coins and button batteries,while in adults,animal foreign bodies such as fish bone and animal bone were common;The most common site of retention was the upper esophagus(66.34%),which could lead to different degrees of complications,and the most common one was gastrointestinal perforation.Conclusions The characteristics of digestive tract foreign bodies in different age groups are different.Although most patients have good prognosis,there are still serious complications such as perforation of digestive tract.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of foreign bodies in the digestive tract is particularly important.