血管内栓塞结合二期立体定向放射外科治疗颅内动静脉畸形的效果

目的探讨血管内介入栓塞结合二期立体定向放射外科(SRS)治疗颅内动静脉畸形(AVM)的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月第二军医大学附属长海医院神经外科介入栓塞结合二期SRS综合治疗AVM并获得影像学随访患者66例的临床资料,随访时间为7~96个月。将DSA显示血管流空影完全消失视为治愈。按照是否治愈分为治愈组29例,未治愈组37例,观察两组AVM是否破裂、栓塞前体积大小和栓塞程度等不同因素对综合疗法治疗AVM治愈率的影响,并采用Logistic回归分析影响综合疗法治愈率的因素。结果 (1)治愈组中,AVM破裂22例(75.9%),未破裂7例(24.1%),直径3 cm和≥3 cm分别为26例(89.7%)和3例(10.3%),患者Spetzler-Martin(SM)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级;未治愈组中,AVM破裂20例(54.1%),未破裂为17例(45.9%),直径3 cm和≥3 cm分别为18例(48.6%)和19例(51.4%),34例患者(91.9%)SM分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级。(2)随访过程中,29例(43.9%)达到影像学治愈,64例(97.0%)改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分为0~1分;发生并发症6例。(3)Logistic多因素分析显示,AVM大小(OR=0.141,95%CI:0.035~0.570,P0.01)和介入栓塞程度(OR=2.414,95%CI:1.038~5.613,P0.05)是治愈率的影响因素。结论血管介入栓塞联合SRS治疗颅内AVM是有效且安全的。AVM直径3 mm是综合疗法治愈率的独立保护因素,介入栓塞程度是未达到影像学治愈综合疗法治愈率的危险因素。

Effect of endovascular embolization combined with two-stage stereotacticradiosurgery for the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformation

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endovascular embolization combined with two-stage stereotacticradiosurgery (SRS)for the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Methods From January 2010 to December 2012,the clinical data of 66 patients treated with endovascular embolization combined with two-stage SRS AVM comprehensive therapy at the Department of Neurosurgery,Changhai Hospital,the Second Military Medical University were analyzed retro-spectively. They were followed up by imaging. The followed-up time was 7 to 96 months. DSA revealed that the complete disappearance of vascular flow void shadow was regarded as a cure. The patients were divided into either a cured group (n = 29)or a not cured group (n = 37)according whether they were cured or not. The effects of different factors,such as AVM rupture or not,the volume size before embolization,and the degree of embolization on the cure rate of AVM with the comprehensive therapy were observed in both groups,and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the cure rate of comprehensive therapy. Results (1)There were 22 patients (75. 9%)had ruptured AVMs and 7 (24. 1%)had unruptured AVMs in the cured group. The diameters of the aneurysms < 3 cm and ≥3 cm were in 26 (89. 7%)and 3 (10. 3%)cases respectively. Spetzler-Martin (SM)grades of patients were Ⅰ to Ⅲ. In the not cured group,20 patients (54. 1%)had ruptured AVMs and 17 (45. 9%)had unruptured AVMs. The diameters< 3 cm and ≥3 cm were 18 (48. 6%)and 19 patients (51. 4%)respectively. The SM grade in 34 cases were Ⅰ to Ⅲ. (2)During the follow-up period,29 patients (43. 9%)achieved cure on imaging. The modified Rankin scale (mRS)scores in 64 cases (97%)were 0 to 1. Six patients had complications. (3)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the size of AVM (OR,0. 141,95% CI 0. 035 -0. 570,P < 0. 01)and the degree of interventional embolization (OR,2. 414,95% CI 1. 038 -5. 613,P <0. 05)were the influencing factor of the cure rate. Conclusions Vascular interventional embolization in combination with SRS for the treatment of intracranial AVMs was both effective and safe. The diameter of AVM < 3 cm was the beneficial factor of cure rate of comprehensive therapy. The degree of interventional embolization not reaching cure on imaging was a risk factor for the cure rate of comprehensive therapy.