非HPV感染相关宫颈腺癌的研究进展

高危型人乳头瘤病毒（hrHPV）的感染是宫颈上皮内瘤变和浸润性宫颈癌的主要原因，与宫颈鳞癌及大多数宫颈腺癌的发生密切相关。然而研究发现仍然有hrHPV检测阴性的宫颈癌存在，大约10%宫颈腺癌的发生与HPV感染无关，这些腺癌主要包括：胃型黏液性腺癌中的微偏腺癌、透明细胞癌、中肾管腺癌以及浆液性癌。这些特殊类型的宫颈腺癌临床表现缺乏特异性、常规筛查手段难以发现、病理诊断困难，常易漏诊及误诊，使大多数患者错过最佳治疗时机，预后不佳。通过复习相关文献，对非HPV感染相关宫颈腺癌的病因、临床表现、诊断、治疗以及预后的研究进展进行综述。

Review of HPV-Negative Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is the main cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer and closely related with the occurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and most cervical adenocarcinoma. However, researchers have found that cervical cancer with negative hrHPV test results still exists, and about 10% of the carcinogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma has no relationship with HPV infection. These adenocarcinoma mainly include: minimal deviation adenocarcinoma which belongs to gastric-type mucinous adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, mesonephric adenocarcinoma and papillary serous carcinoma. These unusual types of cervical adenocarcinoma were often misdiagnosed due to lack of specific clinical manifestations and difficulty in screening and diagnosis, so that most patients missed the best time of treatment and the prognosis was poor. This review summarizes the advances in the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer associated with non-HPV infection by reviewing the literature.