胎盘植入相关因子的研究进展

胎盘植入是产科最为严重的合并症之一，可导致孕妇出现严重出血、休克、子宫穿孔及继发性感染等严重并发症，危及母儿生命。由于宫腔操作增多、生育年龄上升等因素，其发病率逐年升高。目前胎盘植入的产前诊断主要依据影像学结果，其虽然具有较高的敏感度，但在特异度上仍存在一定缺陷。为进一步完备胎盘植入的产前诊断，近年来国内外学者越来越着重于胎盘植入的机制研究。越来越多的研究发现，在胎盘植入发生阶段，患者体内就已经出现了异常因子的表达。这些因子不仅可作为产前诊断的参考，还能够反映病情的进展，为早期诊断和干预提供依据。现就胎盘组织及母体外周血中异常表达的相关因子在胎盘植入发生中的作用进行综述。

Research Progress on Placenta Accreta Related Factors

Placenta accreta is one of the most serious complication of obstetrics, which can lead to serious complications such as severe bleeding, shock, uterine perforation and secondary infection in pregnant women, and endanger the life of mother and child. The incidence is increasing year by year due to the increase of uterine cavity operation and the increase of reproductive age. At present, the prenatal diagnosis of placental accreta is mainly based on the results of imaging. Although it has high sensitivity, there are still some defects in specificity. To improve the prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta, more and more scholars at home and abroad have focused on the mechanism of placental implantation in recent years. In the stage of placenta accreta there are abnormal biological factors expression in the patients' body. On the one hand, it reflects the progress of the disease, on the other hand, it provides reference for antenatal diagnosis. This article reviews the role of abnormal expression of related factors in placental tissue and maternal blood in the occurrence of placenta accreta.