妊娠期糖尿病产后发展为2型糖尿病的相关因素研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是产科常见并发症，会增加妊娠风险。由于生活方式和饮食结构的改变，GDM发病率逐年上升。大部分GDM患者产后短期内血糖会恢复正常，但生活中远期发生2型糖尿病（T2DM）的风险并未降低，GDM妇女已经成为日后发生糖尿病、代谢综合征的潜在危险人群。GDM发展为T2DM的相关危险因素很多，如高龄、肥胖和糖尿病家族史，另外空腹血糖水平、孕期胰岛素治疗、早发型GDM也逐渐被重视。通过认识GDM发展为T2DM的相关危险因素和包括临床特征、生化指标、基因等多种早期预测标志物，预测T2DM发生的风险，以利于提高公众风险意识及GDM妇女产后随访，可以提前进行生活方式干预或药物治疗，预防和延缓T2DM的发生，改善健康结局。

Research Progress of Risk Factors for Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is a common obstetric complication and increases the risk of pregnancy. Due to changes in lifestyle and diet, the incidence of GDM is gradually increasing. Blood glucose testing of most women with GDM is normal after delivery, but long-term risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still there. Women with a history of GDM have become potential susceptible population of diabetes, metabolic syndrome in the future. Older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, levels of plasma glucose, the need of insulin during pregnancy, and earlier diagnosis of GDM is increasingly valued. By recognizing the related risk factors and prediction markers, which include clinical features in pregnancy and postpartum, biochemical indicators, molecular genetic markers et al, predict the risk of GDM progressing to T2DM in the future and improve the public′s awareness of risk for GDM women postpartum follow-up. Early lifestyle intervention and drug treatment can prevent or delay the onset of T2DM after GDM, improve health outcomes of women with a history of GDM.