极低出生体重儿45例的临床分析

目的研究极低出生体重儿的临床情况和并发症的防治措施。方法对2008-01-2010-10在新生儿科住院的45例极低出生体重儿（含3例超低出生体重儿）的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果45例极低出生体重儿中并发症发生率为100％，共发生并发症175例次，平均3．89例次，排在前5位的依次为低蛋白血症28例（62．22％）、高胆红素血症25例（55．55％）、低血糖症24例（53．33％）、贫血23例（51．11％）、肺透明膜病14例（31．11％）。发生2种以上并发症的43例，占95．55％，发生1、2、3、4、5、6．7、8种并发症的分别为4．44％、24．44％、13．33％、20．00％、20．00％、11．11％、4．44％、2．22％；45例极低出生体重儿中存活34例，存活率为75．56％，死亡2例，放弃治疗9例（于放弃后1－2d内死亡），病死率为24．44％，在死亡的11例中发生肺透明膜病9例，占81．82％。结论极低出生体重儿生活能力低下，并发症多，病死率较高，其病死原因主要是肺透明膜病，预防肺透明膜病可望降低极低出生体重儿的病死率。

Clinical analysis of 45 very low birth weight infants

Objective To study the clinical conditions and the measures of prevention and treatment of complications of very low birth weight infants. Methods The clinical date of 45 very low birth weight infants （including 3 extremely low birth weight infants） hospitalized in our hospital from January 2008 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 45 cases very low and extremely low birth weight infants, the complication rate was 100%, with a total of 175 case-times of complications and an average of 3.89 case-times. The top five conplicaing were in order of hypoproteinemia （28 cases： 62.22%）, hyperbilirubinemia （ 25 cases：55.55%）, hypoglycemia （24 cases：53.33% ）, anemia （23 cases： 51.11% ）, hyaline membrane disease （14 cases：31.11% ）. Two or more complications were found in 43 cases accounted for 95.55 %. The incidence of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 complication were 4. 44%, 24.44%, 13.33%, 20%, 20% 11.11%, 4.44%, 2. 22% respectively; in 45 very low birth weight infants 34 survived, the survival rate was 75.56%, 2 cases died. Nine cases gave up treatment who died within one or two days after giving up the treatment, the mortality was 24. 44 %. In 11 dead cases hyaline membrane disease werefound in 9 cases （81.82%）. Conclusion The life skills of very low birth weight infants is low, with more complications, and high mortality. The main cases of death is hyaline membrane disease. The prevention of hyaline membrane disease is expected to reduce the mortality of very low birth weight infants.