阴性和阳性症状精神分裂症患者内隐记忆特点及相关因素

目的探讨阴性和阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者内隐记忆特点及其相关因素。方法采用汉字残词补笔方法对93例精神分裂症患者(其中阴性症状组52例,阳性症状组41例)及30例正常对照(正常组)进行残字补笔内隐记忆的测评,使用方差分析和t检验比较反应时和正确率,并使用Pearson相关分析研究其与人口学因素的相关性。结果精神分裂症组内隐记忆测试正确率:病程≤5年患者正确率(38±5)%]、病程5~15年患者正确率(34±8)%]及病程≥15年患者正确率(34±7)%]三者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);受教育年限<10年患者正确率(34±7)%]与受教育年限≥10年患者正确率(37±6)%]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小学学历患者正确率(35±6)%]、初中高中学历患者(34±7)%]、专本科及以上患者正确率(39±5)%]三者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。精神分裂症组内隐记忆测试反应时:病程≤5年患者反应时(3248±971)ms]、病程5~15年患者反应时(3515±672)ms]、病程≥15年患者反应时(3925±842)ms]三者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);服用氯氮平患者反应时(3869±871)ms]与服用奥氮平患者反应时(3393±626)ms]比较差异有统计学意义;职工患者反应时(3495±712)ms]、农民患者反应时(3870±878)ms]、军人患者反应时(3024±924)ms]三者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间正确率统计结果显示,正常对照组正确率(40±5)%]与阴性症状组正确率(33±7)%]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);阴性症状组正确率(33±7)%]与阳性症状组正确率(37±6)%]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。组间反应时统计结果显示,正常对照组反应时(2660±667)ms]与阴性症状组反应时(3678±951)ms]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)、与阳性症状组反应时(3072±865)ms]比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);阴性症状组反应时(3678±951)ms]与阳性症状组反应时(3072±865)ms]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。精神分裂症患者内隐记忆正确率与病程呈负相关(r=-0.222,P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者内隐记忆与病程、服用药物、从事职业等因素有关;阴性症状与阳性症状精神分裂症患者间内隐记忆可能存在差异。

Characteristics of implicit memory and related factors in patients with schizophrenia with negative and positive symptoms

Objective To investigate the characteristics of implicit memory and its related factors in schizophrenic patients with negative and positive symptoms.Methods Ninety-three schizophrenic patients(including 52 cases of negative symptoms group and 41 cases of positive symptoms group)and 30 normal controls(normal group)were tested with the method of Chinese character word completion method.The reaction time and correct rate were recorded and compared with analysis of variance and t-test,and the correlation with demographic factors was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis.Results Accuracy of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group:there were statistically significant differences in the accuracy of patients with different course of disease(≤5 years:(38±5)%,5-15 years:(34±8)%,≥15 years:(34±7)%,P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the accuracy of patients with different education levels(primary school:(35±6)%,junior and senior high school:(34±7)%,secondary college education and above:(39±5)%,P<0.05).The accuracy of patients with education years<10 years((34±7)%)was significantly lower than those with education years≥10 years((37±6)%,P<0.05).Reaction time results of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group:there were significant differences in reaction time of patients with different disease course(≤5 years:(3248±971)ms,5-15 years:(3515±672)ms,≥15 years:(3925±842)ms,P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the reaction time of workers((3495±712)ms),farmers((3870±878)ms)and soldiers((3024±924)ms,P<0.05).The reaction time of patients with clozapine((3869±871)ms)was significantly higher than that of patients with olanzapine((3393±626)ms,P<0.05).Intergroup results of accuracy:the accuracy of normal control group((40±5)%)was significantly higher than that of negative symptom group((33±7)%,P<0.01).The accuracy of negative symptom group was significantly lower than that of positive symptom group((37±6)%,P<0.01).Intergroup reaction time results:the reaction time of normal control group((2660±667)ms)was significantly lower than that of negative symptom group((3678±951)ms,P<0.01)and positive symptom group((3072±865)ms,P<0.05).The reaction time of negative symptom group((3678±951)ms)was significantly higher than that of positive symptom group(P<0.01).There was significant negative correlation between the accuracy of implicit memory and the course of disease in schizophrenia(r=-0.22,P<0.05).Conclusion The implicit memory of schizophrenic patients is related to the course of disease,taking drugs,and occupation.There may have differences in implicit memory between patients with negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.