Periodontal tissue regeneration by recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta 3 in Papio ursinus

Background and Objective: Osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily induce periodontal tissue regeneration in animal models, including primates. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed in periodontal regeneration using the transforming growth factor‐β3 isoform. In the present study, recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3 was examined for its ability to induce periodontal tissue regeneration in the nonhuman primate, Papio ursinus. Material and Methods: Class II furcation defects were surgically created bilaterally in the maxillary and mandibular molars of four adult baboons. Heterotopic ossicles, for transplantation to selected furcation defects, were induced within the rectus abdominis muscle by recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3. Forty days later, the periodontal defects were implanted with recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3 in Matrigel^® as the delivery system, with recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3 plus minced muscle tissue in Matrigel^®, or with the harvested recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3‐induced ossicles. Sixty days after periodontal implantation, the animals were killed and the specimens harvested. Histological analysis on undecalcified sections measured the area and volume of new alveolar bone and the coronal extension of newly formed alveolar bone and cementum. Results: Morphometric analyses showed pronounced periodontal regeneration in experimental defects compared with controls. Substantial regeneration was observed in defects implanted with fragments of heterotopically induced ossicles and with recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3 plus minced muscle tissue. Conclusion: Recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3 in Matrigel^® significantly enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration in the nonhuman primate, P. ursinus.