Response to Beta Blockers in Patients with Neurocardiogenic Syncope: How to Predict Beneficial Effects

Beta-Blocker Therapy for Neurocardiogenic Syncope. No definitive data are available about the possibility of predicting improvement in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope treated with beta blockers. Among 112 patients with syncope and a positive bead-up tilt test (HUT), independent predictors for prevention of symptoms with beta blockers were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Each patient underwent HUT at 70° for 20 minutes both in the drug-free state and during isoproterenol infusion given to increase the heart rate by at least 25%. Fifty-nine patients bad a positive HUT during isoproterenol infusion and 53 in the drug-free state. All patients were then given esmolol infusion at 500 μg/kg per minute for 3 minutes followed by 300 μg/kg per minute maintenance dose. HUT was then repeated as previously described with or without isoproterenol, depending upon the initial positive response. Regardless of the response during esmolol, all patients were treated with metoprolol 50 to 100 mg twice daily. At follow-up, 36 patients experienced symptom relapse. Four of them bad negative HUT on esmolol, whereas the remaining 32 did not respond to the acute infusion of esmolol. Only four patients with positive HUT on esmolol had a favorable response to metoprolol. Patients responding to metoprolol were older (55 ± 12 years vs 42 ± 15 years, P < 0.05). Response to metoprolol was predicted by a negative test on esmolol (P < 0.0001) and a positive HUT on isoproterenol (P < 0.001). Age older than 42 years was also associated with a higher likelihood of metoprolol success (P < 0.02). Conclusion : Acute challenge with esmolol infusion appears to be an accurate predictor of response to chronic beta blockers, together with age and a positive HUT during low-dose isoproterenol infusion.