青海省乌兰县啮齿类动物调查:青藏铁路运营输入褐家鼠的可能性研究

目的调查青海省乌兰县各种生境鼠类群落的构成情况,初步判断是否有褐家鼠通过青藏铁路一期工程进入青海西部,为今后的鼠种类变化动态研究提供本底资料。方法采用夹夜法和笼捕法在乌兰县不同生境捕捉啮齿类,并进行分类鉴定。结果在不同生境共布放鼠夹1002夹和鼠笼746个,捕获啮齿类动物9种,分属兔形目的狭颅鼠兔,啮齿目的长尾仓鼠、小家鼠、根田鼠、子午沙鼠、五趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠、大耳姬鼠和中华鼢鼠。其中在居民区以小家鼠为主;农田和苗圃以长尾仓鼠为主,子午沙鼠次之;草原上鼠类密度不高,且都呈块状分布。在居民区和城镇周边农田中未发现褐家鼠。结论青藏铁路一期工程通车20多年来,褐家鼠还未在乌兰县沿线建立有效的自然种群。褐家鼠能否沿青藏铁路进入青藏高原腹地,还有待以后长期监测和研究。

Rodent investigation in Wulan county of Qinghai province: the possibility of invading of Rattus norvegicus into Xizang along the Qinghai-Xizang Railway

Objective Community composition of rodents was investigated in different habitats in Wulan county, Qinghai province, to primarily know whether Rattus norvegicus imported into west of Qinghai along the first project of Qinghai-Xizang Railway which is from Xining to Ge'ermu in Qinghai province, so as to provide basic evidence for future study of rodents species shift. Methods Rodents were captured with snap trap and live trap in different habitats of Wulan county, and then species were identified. Results Totally, 1002 snap traps and 746 live traps were used and 168 small mammals were captured, of which 7 were pika (Ochotona thomasi) and others were rodents belonging to 8 species: Cricetulus longicaudatus, Mus musculus, Microtuss oeconomus, Meriones meridianus, Allactaga sibirica, Phodopus roborovskii, Apodemus latronum, Myospalax fontanierii. In the residential area of the town, M.musculus was the dominant species; while in the farmland and forest nursery, C.longicaudatus and M.meridianus were more popular. The density of rodents in steppe was the lowest in all habitats. No R.norvegicus was found in residential areas and farmland around the town investigated. Conclusion There is no nature population of R.norvegicus in Wulan county of Qinghai province more than 20 years after the first project of Qinghai-Xizang Railway was open to traffic. More studies and long term surveillance should be done to confirm whether R.norvegicus will invade into the central area of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.