母亲孕前BMI和孕期增重与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的相关性研究

目的探讨母亲孕前体质量指数(BMI)和孕期增重与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的相关性。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月于余姚市妇幼保健院儿童保健科进行儿童保健咨询的3~5岁儿童共300例为研究对象,回顾性收集母亲孕前BMI和孕期增重情况,采用多因素Logistic回归模型进行相关性分析。结果儿童超重肥胖的发生率为35例(11.67%),在校正性别、年龄等混杂因素后,母亲孕前低体重的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险降低,母亲孕前超重肥胖的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险增加,其OR值及95%CI分别为0.602(0.413~0.755)、1.822(1.370~2.424),均P<0.05;母亲孕期增重过度的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险增加,其OR值及95%CI为1.298(1.009~1.669),P<0.05,但是母亲孕期增重不足并不会降低儿童出现超重肥胖的风险(P>0.05);母亲孕前超重肥胖且孕期增重过度的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险显著增加,母亲孕前低体重且孕期增重不足或孕期增重正常的儿童出现超重肥胖的风险显著降低,其OR值及95%CI分别为1.575(1.031~2.411)、0.556(0.343~0.872)、0.411(0.233~0.719),均P<0.05。结论母亲孕前BMI超重和孕期增重过度均是学龄前儿童发生超重肥胖的影响因素,并且母亲孕前BMI的影响更加严重。

Study on the correlation between maternal BMI and weight gain during pregnancy and overweight and obesity of preschool children

Objective To explore the relationship between maternal body mass index(BMI)and weight gain during pregnancy and overweight and obesity in preschool children.Methods A total of 300 children from 3 to 5 years old who were given child health consultation in the Child Health Department of Yuyao Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects.The mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy were collected retrospectively.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used for correlation analysis.Results This incidence of overweight and obesity in children was cases(11.67%).After adjustment for confounding factors such as gender,age,children whose mothers were low weight before pregnancy had a reduced risk of being overweight and obese,and children whose mothers were overweight and obese before pregnancy had an increased risk of being overweight and obese,the OR value and 95%CI were 0.602(0.413~0.755)and 1.822(1.370~2.424),respectively,both P<0.05.Children whose mothers gained excessive weight during pregnancy had an increased risk of overweight and obesity with an OR value and 95%CI of 1.298(1.009~1.669),P<0.05.However,insufficient maternal weight gain during pregnancy did not reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children(P>0.05).Children whose mothers were overweight or obese before pregnancy and gained excessive weight during pregnancy had a significantly increased risk of being overweight or obese,and children whose mothers were low weight before pregnancy and gained insufficient or normal weight during pregnancy had a significantly reduced risk of being overweight or obese,with the OR value and 95%CI of 1.575(1.031~2.411),0.556(0.343~0.872)and 0.411(0.233~0.719),respectively,all P<0.05.Conclusion The mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI overweight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are both the influencing factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children,and the impact of mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI is more serious.