Cross-cultural invariance of the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory: Adolescent samples from Canada and Singapore |
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| Authors: | Rebecca P Ang Robert M Klassen Wan Har Chong Vivien S Huan Isabella YF Wong Lay See Yeo Lindsey L Krawchuk |
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| Institution: | aDivision of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;bDepartment of Educational Psychology, 6-102 Education North, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada;cPsychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | We provide further evidence for the two-factor structure of the 9-item Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI) using confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 289 Canadian adolescents and 310 Singaporean adolescents. Examination of measurement invariance tests the assumption that the model underlying a set of scores is directly comparable across groups. This study also examined the cross-cultural validity of the AESI using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis across both the Canadian and Singaporean adolescent samples. The results suggested cross-cultural invariance of form, factor loadings, and factor variances and covariances of the AESI across both samples. Evidence of AESI's convergent and discriminant validity was also reported. Findings from t-tests revealed that Singaporean adolescents reported a significantly higher level of academic stress arising from self expectations, other expectations, and overall academic stress, compared to Canadian adolescents. Also, a larger cross-cultural effect was associated with academic stress arising from other expectations compared with academic stress arising from self expectations. |
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| Keywords: | Academic stress Expectations Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis Measurement invariance Cross-cultural |
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