The galvanic whole-body sway response in health and disease |
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Authors: | Chantal MW Tax Andreas P Bom Rachael L Taylor Nicholas Todd Kuk-Ki J Cho Richard C Fitzpatrick Miriam S Welgampola |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;2. Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St., Randwick, Australia;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;4. Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | ObjectiveTo explore the galvanic-evoked vestibulospinal reflex in health and disease.MethodsVestibular-evoked whole-body movement was measured in 60 controls and eight patients with bilateral vestibular impairment, using 1 mA × 2 s Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS). The displacement (s) and velocity (v) of 7 markers placed on the head, neck, shoulders, mid-thorax and hips and ground reaction forces (F) were recorded.ResultsMonaural GVS evoked anterolateral whole-body movement away from the cathode. For controls, peak response magnitudes were 22.3 ± 12.4 mm, 25.9 ± 14.3 mm s−1 and 3.2 ± 1.3 N for s, v and F. Left right asymmetry measured using the Jongkee’s formula was 12.59 ± 8.64%, 11.94 ± 11.09% and 11.68 ± 8.99% for s, v and F. All three measures were symmetrical for left and right mastoid stimulation and showed good to excellent test retest reliability. Patients with bilateral vestibular failure had absent or attenuated responses. For this patient group, the (“R/B”) ratios between the “response period” and baseline body-sway for s, v and F were 2.1 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 1.1 and 1.3 ± 0.6, which were significantly lower than 5.4 ± 4.2, 4.1 ± 2.5 and 2.3 ± 0.8 for controls, with s and v providing better separation between controls and patients. There were no significant correlations between the amplitudes of galvanic body sway responses and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs).ConclusionGVS enables non-invasive assessment of the vestibulospinal reflex.SignificanceThis method offers a clinically applicable, test of vestibular contributions to standing balance. |
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Keywords: | Galvanic Sway Vestibulospinal |
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