院前急救护士职业暴露及防护行为的现状调查与分析

目的调查院前急救护士职业暴露和防护行为的现状。方法采用自行设计问卷，调查荆州市10所医院135名院前急救护士职业暴露及防护行为状况。结果院前急救护士职业暴露发生状况以人体工效学一心理社会一组织因素方面职业暴露得分最高（4．76±0．41）分，单项条目中以心理紧张压力大、睡眠障碍、职业性肌肉骨骼损伤排在前3位；生物性危害防护行为较好（3．14±0．65）分，单项防护行为条目中以在灾害现场首先做好自我防护后再施救、可能出现血液、体液喷溅佩戴护目镜、与人交谈内心的想法来寻求排解压力的措施排在后3位。结论人体工效学一心理社会一组织因素方面是院前急救护士面临最严重的职业暴露。医院应提供较好的防护用品，完善防护措施，营造职业安全防护氛围，帮助院前急救护士将职业安全防护意识转化为良好的职业行为习惯，减少职业暴露的发生。

Investigation and analysis of the current situation of pre-hospital first-aid nurses 'occupational exposure and protection behaviors

Objective To investigate the current situation of pre - hospital first - aid nurses＂ occupational exposure and protection behaviors. Method A self - designed questionnaire was used to investigate 135 first - aid nurses from 10 hospitals in Jingzhou about occupational exposure and protection behaviors. Results The ergonomics -psyehosocial -organizational dimension got the highest score （4.76 ± 0. 41 ） among the overall first - aid nurses＇occupational expo- sure. Among all the items, the mental pressure, sleep disorder and occupational musculoskeletal damage got the first three. The behaviors of biohazard protection were done well （ 3.14 ±0.65 ）. The fist three protection behaviors were self - protection before first - aid, prowearing blinkers when there may be blood or body fluid splattering, seeking measures to relieve pressure got the last three. Conclusion The ergonomics - psychosocial - organizational factor is the most serious occupational exposure among pre - hospital first - aid nurses. Providing better protective articles,improving protection measures, creating occupational safety protection atmosphere and helping first - aid nurses turn occupational safety consciousness to good occupational habits can reduce occupational exposure.