药物联合眼底激光制作兔黄斑变性动物模型

目的应用1%过碘酸钠和眼底YAG-532倍频激光制作接近临床状态的年龄相关性黄斑变性的兔动物模型。方法选用健康成年青紫蓝兔10只,美多丽散瞳后在全麻状态下行左眼眼底激光光凝,同时按40mg/kg的剂量自兔耳缘静脉注入1%过碘酸钠溶液,考虑动物的生存质量,模型动物右眼均未予处理。建模后第2周和第1个月,分别观察动物眼底、眼底荧光素血管造影（fluoresscence fundus angiogra-phy,FFA）、动物视网膜电流图、眼部光学相干断层扫描（OCT）以及视网膜组织切片的改变。结果模型动物中除1例意外死亡外,其余生存状态均良好。建模后第2周,模型动物眼底有新生血管长出,FFA检查可见荧光渗漏;OCT检查见脉络膜新生血管处色素上皮层增厚;组织切片HE染色可见视网膜色素上皮层厚度变薄,颜色稍深;视网膜色素上皮已有萎缩,视网膜电流图检查可见波幅明显降低。建模后第1个月,眼底荧光渗漏较第2周时减少,OCT检查见新生血管处色素上皮结构破坏,上方视网膜变薄;视网膜组织切片可见色素上皮层厚度明显减少;视网膜电流图检查基本呈痕迹型。结论本模型制作方法简单易行,成功率高,同时有明确的视网膜色素上皮萎缩及脉络膜新生血管形成,是比较接近人类年龄相关性黄斑变性特征的动物模型。

Establishment of a rabbit model for age-related macular degeneration with a drug and lasers

Objective To use 1% iodine sodium and YAG-532 lasers to establish an animal model of age-related macular degeneration which is close to the clinical condition.Methods Ten healthy adult chinchilla rabbits were selected.Retinal photocoagulation was induced in the left eyes after mydriasis with tropicamid under general anesthesia,then 1% iodine sodium was injected in the vein of the rabbits at a dose of 40 mg/kg at the same time;their right eyes were not treated.Changes in the retina,FFA,ERG,OCT and histological sections were observed after two weeks and one month. Results After two weeks, neovaseular growth can be observed and there was obvious fluorescence leakage by FFA. Atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium could be seen, and there was an obvious reduction in the amplitude of the ERG wave. After one month, fluorescence leakage was reduced in FFA, the RPE structure of the CNV was destroyed in the OCT,the results of the ERG presented with an extinguished wave and a reduction in the thickness of the pigment epithelium could be seen in the retinal specimen. Conclusion The establishment of an animal model is simple and feasible with a high success rate. Only one rabbit died, and the other nine rabbits were healthy. Among them, choroidal neovascularization and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy was definitive. This is the closest animal model to age-related macular degeneration in human beings.